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天舟一号上天的特殊任务:研究如何对付骨质疏松

2017-04-30 10:21:05   

“实践十号的实验结果分析表明,微重力环境下,骨质的流失和生成两个方面同时发生作用,最终使宇航员患上严重的骨质疏松。”王金福说,“但干细胞定向分化为骨细胞的过程,还一直没有在真正的太空微重力环境中得到直观的详细观察。”

所以干细胞,又要上天了。在火箭发射前24小时,王金福团队将把4个单元的干细胞(大约1000至10000个细胞)放入培养皿里。发射前5小时,这些细胞被装入反应器,入驻货运飞船。

跟着天舟一号飞天的这批干细胞,与飞船一样,不再返回地球。当天舟一号与天宫二号对接后,反应器会开始工作。细胞们在太空中的一举一动,会被地球上的科学家实时观察到。

空间实验的方法和地面实验的不太一样

此外,这次清华大学陈国强团队也将在天舟一号上开展有关抗失重情况下的骨质疏松新药开发的一系列科学实验。

该实验所验证的药物是血液中天然代谢产物酮体的主要成分:3-羟基丁酸(3HB)。此前,科研人员已经在地面上进行了多年的细胞和动物实验,证明了其有促进成骨细胞生长、遏制破骨细胞的作用,对地面和微重力模拟状态下的骨质疏松治疗效果很明显。这次是3HB首次作为用于治疗骨质疏松的药物进行空间微重力实验。

究竟如何实验?首先需要观察3HB处理后,对于成骨破骨细胞、骨生物力学性质的作用,观察其对于骨质疏松的预防效果。接着,在地面上,采用鼠尾悬吊模型,模拟微重力环境诱导骨质疏松,研究3HB对于骨微观结构的影响,初步确定其体内药效作用。然后,才在天舟一号上的真实微重力环境下,于细胞水平上研究3HB对于微重力诱导骨质疏松的治疗效果。最后,还需要探索天舟一号货运飞船发射前后的地基匹配实验,为真实微重力环境下细胞药效实验的开展摸索并优化实验条件,保证空间3HB作为骨质疏松潜在药物研究的顺利完成。

整个实验过程,空间实验的方法和地面实验的不太一样。在地面动物实验中,采用了鼠尾悬吊的实验方法。通过把小鼠后肢悬吊,在后肢产生一个无重力效果,导致后期小鼠后肢骨质疏松。通过灌注3HB的对照,悬吊的后肢骨质疏松显现消失。但是本次天舟一号并不载人,因为没有人照顾动物,也就无法带动物上去,所以这次空间实验的对象是细胞,观察成骨细胞在微重力的条件下是否能在3HB的作用下促进生长。

而且,作为货运飞船,将不再返回地面,所以只能通过遥控显微镜对成骨细胞的生长在有3HB和无3HB的条件下进行观察,并从发回来的照片中获知实验结果。

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