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中国首次成功试验 “太空加油” 中国航天迈入“空间站”时代

2017-04-27 22:51:10   国际在线

国际在线消息(记者 杨琼):4月27日19时07分,天舟一号货运飞船与天宫二号空间实验室成功完成首次推进剂在轨补加试验,标志天舟一号飞行任务取得圆满成功。中共中央、国务院、中央军委发来贺电,贺电说,天舟一号飞行任务的圆满成功,突破和验证了空间站货物运输、推进剂在轨补加等关键技术,标志着中国载人航天工程第二步胜利完成,对于实现不懈追求的航天梦,具有十分深远的意义。

27日19时许,随着天舟一号对天宫二号最后一个氧化剂贮箱加注完成,标志着中国首次推进剂在轨补加试验顺利完成。中国载人航天总指挥、空间实验室飞行任务总指挥长张又侠宣布:“根据北京飞行控制中心报告,天宫二号与天舟一号第一次推进剂在轨补加试验顺利完成,现在我宣布,天舟一号飞行任务取得圆满成功。”

推进剂在轨补加,又被称为“太空加油”,是建设空间站的关键技术之一。突破和掌握推进剂在轨补加技术,填补了中国航天领域的空白,实现了空间推进领域的一次重大技术跨越,为中国空间站组装建造和长期运营扫清了能源供给上的障碍。中国航天科技集团五院天舟一号货运飞船总设计师白明生介绍说:“这个跟飞机的空中加油是类似的,战斗机要飞得更远,需要在中途加油机给战斗机加油,将来空间站也是一样的。空间站在轨长期飞行,十几年的时间,燃料在不断消耗,弥补推进剂消耗量,需要货运飞船来完成这个任务,支持空间站长期飞行。”

此次推进剂在轨补加持续了约5天,先后进行了补加管路检漏、天宫二号贮箱气体回收、推进剂输送、推进剂吹除等关键步骤。在地面操作人员精确控制下,整个在轨补加过程由天舟一号与天宫二号共同配合完成,其中,天舟一号负责贮箱增压、补加管路检漏,并向天宫二号输送推进剂;天宫二号负责贮箱气体回收,并接收货运飞船输送推进剂。

北京航天飞行控制中心总工程师助理崔晓峰告诉记者,此次任务要求两个飞行器对接精准,对地面测控提出了更高的要求,“推进剂补加过程比较复杂,结构很复杂,两个飞行器天舟和天宫各自有个补加的管路和控制设备,连接在一起进行补加。在补加过程中,因为在太空失重条件下,它的液体流动和气体都不像在地面控制的情况。在太空中,整个过程环环相扣需要非常精确。天舟一号和天宫二号两个飞行器,时间对准要非常精准,控制过程的动作要非常精准,管道中的气体和液体,什么时间做什么操作都要十分精确。”

目前,国际上掌握了在轨推进剂补加技术的只有俄罗斯、美国等少数国家,其中,实现在轨加注应用的只有俄罗斯。

天舟一号是中国第一艘货运飞船,于4月20日从中国文昌航天发射场发射升空,并与22日与天宫二号进行了交会对接。按计划,天舟一号将在6月中下旬开展第二次推进剂在轨补加试验,进一步巩固取得的技术成果。

此次天舟一号飞行任务,是载人航天工程空间实验室飞行任务的收官之战,对于空间站工程后续任务顺利实施具有极为重要的意义,取得圆满成功标志着中国载人航天工程第二步胜利完成,也正式宣告中国航天迈进“空间站时代”。

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