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新疆天山一号冰川消融退缩 50年后或彻底消失

2017-04-29 13:01:08   新华网

新华社乌鲁木齐4月29日电(记者滕沐颖、刘杰)“气温升高,雪线上升,天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川一年共后退了13.5米,50年后可能彻底消失。”中科院天山冰川观测试验站站长李忠勤面色凝重。

连日来,中科院西北生态环境资源研究院的20多名科研人员再次登上末端海拔3800米的一号冰川,测量冰川物质平衡、厚度、温度、运动速度和冰川末端变化数据,并采集大量样品。

经过初步测量,一号冰川在2016年4月至2017年4月一年间,东、西支分别退缩约7.2米和6.3米。中科院天山冰川观测试验站副站长王飞腾告诉记者,由于冰川快速融化,一号冰川末端在1993年分裂为东、西两支,近年来退缩态势明显。

冬季飘雪,冰川累积;夏日升温,冰川消融。冰川作为“固体水库”,对河流的“削峰填谷”调节作用明显,天山更有“中亚水塔”之誉,是确保新疆干旱区绿洲经济发展和寒区生态环境稳定的重要水源。全球气候变暖背景下,冰川加速消融,短时间内可以增加河川径流量,但长期消融大于积累,将导致冰川退缩乃至消亡。

然而,近年观测到的数据,显示了人类活动对冰川消融的“加速度”影响。“一号冰川上冰尘数量明显增多是近年来最显著的现象之一。”李忠勤进一步解释,冰尘颗粒是冰川表面的深色污化物质,会影响冰川对光热的反射,从而加剧冰川退缩,一号冰川附近的厂矿、国道216线行经车辆扩散的污染物、过度放牧带来的土壤退化,都是冰尘增加的原因。

一号冰川距离新疆乌鲁木齐市区约130公里,是世界上离城市最近的冰川。记者看到,距离冰川几十公里外的后峡,多家电厂、矿厂沿公路分布,有的已经关停,有的烟囱仍在冒烟;在写有“冰川保护区,三轴及以上车辆,七座以上车辆,黄标车辆请绕行”警示牌的道路上,仍有多辆大卡车往来畅行。

“全球变暖背景下,如果我们不作为,冰川将加速消融,一号冰川将在50年后离我们而去。如果加强保护,它的生命可能延长到70-90年。”李忠勤说,利用与保护冰川考验政府的管理能力,也有赖于全社会的共同努力,“我们的目标是尽可能延缓冰川的消融”。

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