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北京空气现耐药菌?人民日报辟谣:概念混淆

2016-11-27 04:35:21   

北京大学第一医院抗感染科主任医师、全国细菌耐药监测学术委员会副主任委员郑波教授介绍,细菌耐药性和致病性不是一个概念。细菌耐药是指某种抗菌药物对某种细菌不起作用,治疗起来困难,并不是说细菌的毒理性强。耐药性基因也不等于耐药性细菌。

一位不愿透露姓名的专家表示,耐药性的增加不意味着致病性的增强。在我们周围环境中,有大量细菌存在,大多数细菌和我们是共生共存的关系,对正常人没有致病力,甚至有些细菌是有益的。

郑波介绍,不是体内出现耐药性细菌就要杀灭,而要区别是何种情况。如果是引起感染的耐药性细菌,就需要处理。他认为,没有必要因空气中发现耐药性基因片段而恐慌。

针对部分媒体从论文中得出“将导致药物失去作用”等结论,国家卫生计生委合理用药专家委员会抗菌药物组副组长、浙江大学医学院第一医院传染病诊治国家重点实验室副主任肖永红说,从论文中不能得出这样的说法,但论文提示我国细菌耐药形势比较严峻,需要积极应对。

郑波也表示,论文现在的检测只是基因片段。目前,霾中存在耐药性基因会否引发细菌耐药还缺乏证据,更不要说致病。

在雾霾中检出耐药性基因,是否意味着雾霾是造成耐药的元凶之一?

有研究表明,北京雾霾中检出的大多数微生物为土壤中存活的微生物,对人类无致病性

在雾霾空气中检测出耐药性基因,更加深了人们对雾霾的畏惧。对此,郑波认为,雾霾对人类健康是有危害的,比如对心血管系统、呼吸系统等,但目前没有证据表明雾霾造成耐药性细菌或耐药性基因的流行,“耐药性基因环境中一直有,并不是因为有霾才有耐药性基因。”对于公众来说,合理使用抗菌药物是防止耐药性细菌蔓延的正确途径。

“这项研究只是提示雾霾可能成为一种耐药性细菌传播的载体,究竟能起多大的作用,还需要更进一步的研究。”肖永红表示。

《环境科学与技术》杂志发表的清华大学生命学院朱听研究组、环境学院蒋靖坤研究组、测序平台田埂研究组联合撰写的研究论文《严重雾霾天气中北京PM2.5与PM10污染物中的可吸入微生物》,介绍了北京市雾霾天气大气颗粒物中的微生物组分。

这项研究使用宏基因组分析方法,对北京市2013年1月份雾霾天气中的微生物构成进行了测定分析。研究结果显示,雾霾空气中检出的大多数微生物为土壤中存活的微生物,对人类无致病性。

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