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北京空气现耐药菌?人民日报辟谣:概念混淆

2016-11-27 04:35:21   

原标题:存在耐药性基因≠导致人体抗药(求证)

本报记者 王君平 人民网 记者 李玫忆

远在瑞典的学者乔奇姆·拉尔森,没想到他们的一篇研究论文最近两天在中国成为关注焦点。包括拉尔森在内的瑞典哥德堡大学抗生素耐药性研究中心的4位研究者在《Microbiome(微生物)》期刊发表了《人、动物和环境耐药基因组的结构与多样性(The structure and diversity of human,animal and environmental resistomes)》,研究中提到,从北京一次雾霾天的14份空气样本中检测出抗生素耐药性基因(以下简称耐药性基因)。

这篇论文被眼尖的新媒体注意到了《呼吸的痛!北京等地雾霾中发现耐药菌》《北京雾霾中发现有耐药菌,“人类最后的抗生素”对它束手无策》《北京雾霾中含有耐药菌60余种将导致药物失去作用》……很多读者一看就蒙了:“还敢呼吸吗?空气都变异了?”“这是说生了病就无药可治了吗”……

这篇论文到底在说啥?求证栏目记者采访了该论文的通讯作者、瑞典学者拉尔森和国内耐药研究领域的权威专家。

空气中发现耐药性基因,呼吸了会否感染疾病且“无药可用”?

耐药性基因,耐药性细菌,细菌的耐药性和致病性等是完全不同的概念;能否影响人体,要看很多条件

在报道这项研究时,一些媒体把耐药性基因等同于耐药菌,从而推论出“呼吸了这样的空气,将导致药物失去作用”。

在雾霾中生活是否可能会感染无药可治的疾病?对于这种担忧,拉尔森告诉记者,这项研究无法断言会产生任何感染的风险,也并不意味着呼吸城市空气就有感染的风险。

拉尔森介绍,耐药性基因要感染人体有很多条件:首先,它必须存在于某种活的细菌中。其次,这种细菌要属于可能引起疾病的种类,即细菌有致病性。再次,在空气中要有足够多这样的细菌,即人体要暴露在足够数量的细菌中才会生病。但他们此次研究并不知道发现的耐药性基因存在于哪种细菌中,在数量上也没有做出评估,并且“事实上绝大多数细菌在空气中可能会死。”拉尔森表示。

耐药性基因、耐药性细菌、细菌的耐药性和致病性,这些是完全不同的概念。拉尔森说,一个细菌对某种抗生素是否有抗药性,与其引发疾病的能力(致病性)无关。

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