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北京空气现耐药菌?人民日报辟谣:概念混淆

2016-11-27 04:35:21   

该如何看待这篇论文及相关研究?

提示空气中有耐药性基因存在,但其存在于何种细菌、来源、数量均需进一步研究

这项研究选取了来自北京的14份空气样本。肖永红认为,这篇论文的价值在于,提示雾霾空气中有此类基因的存在,这对于我们防控耐药性细菌是有价值的。研究需要继续深入的是:一是不知耐药性基因存在于何种细菌中;二是不知样本取自哪个区域,无法了解其来源和存在广度。

为了调查高丰度的抗生素耐药性基因是否是空气的普遍特征,瑞典研究团队在“454测序平台”调取了美国纽约和圣迭戈两地家庭、办公室、医院三处的空气样本。对比北京的空气样本后,结果显示:在空气所含的抗生素耐药性基因的数量上,纽约和圣迭戈的三个场所与北京相当;但在种类上,北京的空气要比美国两个城市(办公室空气除外)更多。对此,肖永红表示,细菌耐药不是中国所独有的,这是全世界所面临的共同难题。从论文引起的反响看,肖永红认为,对于公众来说,更应该提高科学素养,科学地认知细菌的耐药,不必因此恐慌。

(本期统筹:许诺)

【链接】

肖永红介绍,耐药菌主要存在于医疗机构、患病动物和部分特殊环境。抗生素大约有2030多个类别,早期的青霉素是第一代,头孢类属于第二代,而日前备受关注的碳青霉烯类(Carbapenems)属于第三代,是目前对付主要耐药菌的武器。医院使用碳青霉烯类抗生素有特殊的规定,只用于临床重症感染病人和耐药性细菌感染的患者。

郑波介绍,最近国家卫生计生委公布《中国抗菌药物临床应用管理和细菌耐药现状》。根据全国细菌耐药监测网监测:2015年中国肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类的耐药率为7.6%,在国际上处于中等水平。此外,我国铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类的耐药率为22.4%。欧洲的数据显示,希腊、意大利等11个国家超过22%。

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