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首套房贷利率有望纳入个税改革专项抵扣

2016-11-22 05:47:53   经济参考报

而事实上,个税改革的思路已经在一些领域推开:比如,在现行3500元起征点和三险一金扣除的基础上,今年起我国已经在31个城市试点商业健康保险扣除政策,下一步还将开展税收递延型商业养老保险试点。再比如,9月22日,财政部、国税总局联合下发《关于完善股权激励和技术入股有关所得税政策的通知》,将科技成果股权激励两步纳税合并成一步纳税,纳税比例从40%左右下降至20%。

据了解,当前世界范围内个税都是宽税基、普遍纳税,美国个税占税收比重约45%,而我国2015年个税总额为8616亿元,占税收的比重只有6.3%,即使考虑到我国目前间接税为主的现实国情,这一占比依然过低,在发挥调节收入、解决分配不公方面的作用不突出。

在张连起看来,个税改革的过程中,如何保证税收能够应收尽收,同时不挫伤中等收入群体积极性,这非常重要。“宽税基、普税制也不意味着工薪阶层要多交税,目前我国个税税率有9个级次,下一步还需要进一步简并税率级次,同时,低级别也就是处于一、二级的税率要调低,增加高收入人群税负,让中等收入阶层增加获得感。”

总体来说,张连起认为,个税改革要提速破题,也要确保精准改善民生。一是确保多项所得收入尽快综合,个人的纳税信用号要赶紧落地。二是合理抵扣要加速破题。“要兼顾信息系统水平、税收征管能力以及相关执行和监管的成本,修法先行,分步推进。”他说,将再教育支出列入专项抵扣的可行性比较高,同时可以有效提高劳动者的素质,长远来说也有利于增加收入增加税源。此外,在世界范围看,实行综合个人所得税制的国家,个人所得税均实行纳税人自行申报制度,我国目前主要通过单位代扣代缴的方式征收,未来,实施综合与分类相结合税制的同时,逐步建立起个人申报机制也会是大势所趋。

中国社科院财经战略研究院副研究员蒋震对《经济参考报》记者表示,考虑到现实征管条件,个税改革难以一蹴而就。渐进推进是合理路径:先破题落地,实现针对高收入阶层的综合征收,再不断扩大个税在税收中的比重,最终使个税成为税制体系中的重要税种。在他看来,个税改革最为重要的是征管模式的变化,“与现行的征收流转税不同,个税是直接面向自然纳税人,因此征管模式会有大的转变,这也会带来我国整个管理方式的变化,会带来社会治理方式的协调统一”。

在北京大学法学院教授、中国财税法学研究会会长刘剑文看来,个税改革不是孤立的,和整个税制甚至整个财税体制、社会经济发展状况息息相关。本轮个税改革社会期待很高,应该严格通过立法程序,通过法律给大众合理的期待,降低执法风险,缓解大众焦虑。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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