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专家谈如何监督国家监察委:分为内部和外部监督

2016-11-08 03:40:26   京华时报

马怀德称,国家监察的范围更广,覆盖所有行使国家公权力的组织和人员。比如,大学行使公共教育职能,医院行使公共卫生职能,这些机构的公职人员,就是所有国家财政供养的组织、群体都有必要纳入国家监察范围,包括法院、检察院、医院、学校,都纳入监察范围。

2为何整合反腐败资源?

  提高效率并降低行政成本

马怀德称,我国的反腐败资源包括:政府的行政监察机构,监察部、监察厅、监察局等;政府内部的审计部门;跟行政监察在一起办公的预防腐败机构;行政体系以外的,检察院的反贪机构,以及检察院内部的预防腐败局。

他说,之所以要整合这些机构,是因为这些重要的反腐败职能分布在行政和司法机关,多头承担预防和惩治腐败的职能,资源分散,没法集中力量,形成相对统一、独立的监察职能。另外,这些机构在职能上也有重叠、重复之处,检察院和政府内部都有预防腐败的机构,职能的分散降低了资源的效率。整合这些职能,能够提高效率,提高权威性,也可以降低行政成本。

3如何让监察手段丰富?

  先有侦查权提高整合效率

马怀德称,在监察手段方面,国家监察委员会可能采取的手段包括,按照相关法律规定,包括《行政监察法》规定的调查职权和手段;给予行政处分的手段;还有监督政府作出的决定、命令、决议的职能。

在职能整合中,马怀德介绍,一个重要的职能是,检察机关在反腐败、特别是反贪机构和职务犯罪预防机构的职能,包括对贪腐案件的侦查权,需要转移到国家监察委员会。因为只有国家监察委员会拥有侦查权,才能做到手段上的丰富,对资源力量的整合效率才能提高。他表示,反贪局的机构和职能都要转移到国家监察委员会。

4如何取得更良好效果?

  整合程度影响改革效果

马怀德表示,国家监察委员会对反腐败职能的整合,决定了这项改革能否取得良好效果。国家监察委员会在整合其他监察资源时,在对检察院资源划转、机构整合过程中,会引起检察院的机构和职能的调整,这可能会引起检察院工作人员认识上的误区或者混乱。为防范这方面的风险,要把握机构的调整划转、职能的整合等方面。

马怀德说,国家监察体制改革是重大的整治体制改革和机构职能调整,采取试点可以降低风险,避免刚开始就推开造成更大面积的问题。试点是一个检验过程,如果试点过程中出现问题可以及时调整。试点地区要可以累经验,待经验成熟再考虑在全国推广。

5如何监督国家监察委?

  分为内部和外部监督

马怀德介绍,对监察委员会的监督有两种,一是内部监督,现在的中纪委内部有监督室,作用就是自我监督;第二种是来自外部的监督,有很多种:包括人大的监督,它是由人大选举产生的也要接受人大监督;另外,还要接受社会公众、舆论的监督。中央监察委员会权力扩充、职能增加过程中,所以加强对委员会的监督,是整个改革的重要内容,也是防止检察权过度扩张所产生的负面风险。

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