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长征五号首飞成功 未来将承担探月探火任务

2016-11-04 05:02:08   京华时报

 >>研制难

  从论证到发射经历整30年

从2006年立项至今,长征五号冲刺了10年。但是,从提出论证到如今,长征五号整整走了30年,可谓30年磨一“箭”。

上个世纪80年代中期,时任长征三号甲系列运载火箭总设计师龙乐豪,带领团队深入研究国际航空发展方向,结合我国当时的技术基础,提出了发展大火箭的设想。从那时起,中国开启了大火箭的漫漫征途。

1986年,在国家“863”计划支持下,我国开始了论证研制新一代运载火箭。

1995年,我国开展新一代运载火箭方案论证以及液氧煤油与氢氧两种大推力火箭发动机关键技术研究。

2000年,120吨级液氧煤油发动机立项研制。

2001年,50吨级液氢液氧发动机立项研制。

2006年,国务院正式批准新一代运载火箭基本型长征五号立项研制,从此开始长达10年的攻坚磨砺。

航天科技一院长征五号运载火箭总设计师李东告诉记者,仅就火箭捆绑结构而言,由于长征五号火箭芯级推力每个捆绑点高达330吨,比以往的中型火箭增加了3倍多,这就意味着大火箭必须采取全新的设计。在没有任何经验可以借鉴的情况下,航天科技集团一院的设计人员,进行了上千次的结构模型分析和优化,历时数年终于完成了“大推力捆绑结构设计”,实现了我国火箭结构设计史上的重大突破。

5米直径大型箭体结构为我国运载火箭首次采用,是火箭实现运载能力重大跨越的基础,无论是设计、制造还是试验,难度都极大。据科研人员介绍,仅新型贮箱的焊缝就有近2公里长,是长征二号和长征三号两种火箭的总和。这2公里的焊缝,可谓是长征五号集梦想与艰难于一体的攻关之旅的生动写照。

一组数据见证了长征五号诞生的艰难:据统计,长征五号总的研制项目达到800余项,科研人员累计开展试验1289项,各种地面试验总计超过两万余次,生产各类单机一万八千多台,仅电气系统的元器件就有11万个,是长征二号、长征三号两型火箭元器件总和的1.5倍。“长征五号一个助推器所需要分析的动力学特性参数,几乎是过去一枚火箭的工作量。”航天科技集团某所试验主管王鹏辉说。

□想未来

  未来探月探火都将用长五

在我国运载火箭升级换代中,长征五号究竟扮演什么样的角色?

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