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长征五号发射升空 快速看懂更“胖”更强的大火箭

2016-11-03 21:37:40   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者易成晨)11月3日晚上20:43,中国新一代大型运载火箭——长征五号在海南文昌航天发射场发射升空。

小伙伴们对它还不了解?没关系!咱们简化长文只看数据,带你快速搞懂这个厉害的大家伙!

在文昌发射场的长征五号。图自:中国军网

更“胖”更强

1、长征五号火箭作为一个系列,有6种构型。

2、粗:长征五号火箭的芯级,也就是中间的主体部分直径达5米,因此得名“胖五”,而长征二、三、四号芯级直径多为2.25米和3.35米。

3、冷:作为我国运载火箭研制历史上头一次,长征五号火箭芯级发动机采用液氧+液氢作为燃料,因此温度超低,其中液氢温度低至-253℃,液氧温度为-183℃,号称“冰箭”。而长征二、三、四号火箭采用的四氧化二氮+偏二甲肼燃料为常温。

4、重:长征五号火箭起飞质量约870吨,比家族中第二重的长征七号还要重200多吨。

5、强:长征五号火箭低轨道运载能力可达到25吨级,高轨道运载能力14吨级。相当于可将16辆小汽车送上天。而长征二、三、四号火箭低轨道运载能力没有超过10吨的。

6、环保:由于采用液氧+液氢燃料,因此不仅燃料本身无毒,而且燃烧产物也只是水,环保无污染。而长征二、三、四号火箭采用的四氧化二氮+偏二甲肼燃料均有剧毒。

7、两种发动机:推力为120吨的YF-100液氧煤油发动机8台,该发动机环保经济可靠耐用,性能高出现役主力发动机数倍;推力为50吨的YF-77氢氧发动机4台,是中国推力最大的氢氧火箭发动机。这两型发动机系专门研制。

责任重大

长征五号之所以被研制出来,就是为了解决现有的长征家族成员在面对未来航天重担力不从心的问题。因此,作为长征家族勇挑重任的“大块头”,中国未来天宫空间站、北斗导航系统的建设,探月三期工程及其它深空探测的实施都要靠它了。

2017年,“天舟一号”货运飞船升空;

2017年前后,探月工程三期的嫦娥五号月球探测器绕月返回飞行;

预计2018年,嫦娥四号将实现在月球背面落月探测,如果成功,中国将成为到达月球背面的第一个国家;

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