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国务院发文减轻中等以下收入者税负 个税或会减

2016-10-23 16:34:48   每日经济新闻

减税已成共识

税负问题一直广受关注。前国税总局副局长许善达曾公开称,中国宏观税负达44%,人均宏观税负6338元。此言论一出,立刻引发热议,有网友吐槽, 按照这个标准自己的生活简直是“一个馒头半个税”。但此数据遭到贾康等专家学者质疑。一些媒体也相继发文,称“宏观税负过高”一说站不住脚。

而根据中金公司去年发布的报告,2014中国政府全部收入占GDP的比重年高达37%。报告认为,未来降低企业和居民税负的空间巨大,应该用来降低企业部门过高的税负和社保缴纳负担。

该公司这份题为“降低税负不应缺席稳增长和调结构”的宏观周报显示,2012年我国狭义的宏观税负(计入社保缴费)占gdp的比重为22.4%(图 表1),但是,如果计算反映真实负担的广义宏观税负,即按照包括一般预算收入、政府性基金收入、社保基金总收入以及国有资本经营收入在内计算,2014中 国政府全部收入占gdp的比重年高达37%,已超过发达国家的水平(平均在30——35%之间),这与中国所处的发展阶段极不相称。

减税已经成为业界共识。有媒体此前刊文称,中国需要一场全面大幅的减税改革,刺激私营企业恢复活力。一些不必要的政府项目应该停止,冗余人员裁撤, 通过减少财政支出来缓和赤字压力。即便一些支出暂时无法削减,也不应谋求增税解决。增加城市土地出让,售卖低效国企,减少对企业补贴,削减一些过度的社会 福利,这些都是维持收支平衡的正确手段。政府开支若是无底洞,其代价是税收不断攀升。这些弊病在欧洲已经上演。

另据媒体10月22日报道,社科院财经战略研究院税收研究室副研究员滕祥志说,在分类所得税制之下,没有考虑扣除项目中家庭抚养、赡养、大额教育和医疗支出、首套房屋贷款利息等生计扣除的因素,夫妻二人必须分别纳税,没有将家庭作为纳税主体对待,考虑到家庭和人口存续发展、未来鼓励生育和尊重家庭价值的客观趋势,应尽量广泛实行综合征收,相应降低税率,实现整体性减税。

国家信息中心经济预测部助理研究员邹蕴涵噶认为,上半年我国居民消费保持平稳增长,但也暴露出若干问题。持续存在的宏观经济下行压力开始通过就业、 收入渠道对消费产生滞后影响,居民收入增长放缓的影响正在扩大。应高度重视居民收入放缓问题,切实夯实居民消费平稳增长基础。其中,农民增收应注重破除制 度障碍,加快农村经营性土地的确权登记,保障土地流转权利等;城镇居民增收应注重规范市场,逐步推动城镇居民收入多元化增长,从之前主要依靠工资性收入逐 步转向工资性收入和财产性收入并重的新局面。而保障财产性收入增长,必须加强规范市场秩序和完善制度建设,特别是金融市场制度完善。

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