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突发病抢救超48小时死亡不认定工伤?专家回应

2016-10-10 11:03:27   法制日报 作者:陈磊

童先生百思不得其解:妻子明明是在上班时间突发疾病倒地,只因心有不甘才坚持要求医生继续用药,导致宣告死亡时间超过了48小时,就无法为妻子认定工伤。

接着,童先生将深圳市人社局诉至深圳市盐田区人民法院,要求深圳市人社局重新对程女士作出工伤认定的行政行为。

深圳市人社局辩称,2015年12月29日8时25分左右,程女士在工作时突然晕倒,深圳龙岗中心医院于12月31日13时35分宣布死亡,整个过程已经超过48小时。

今年9月,深圳市盐田区人民法院驳回了童先生的诉讼请求。法院认为,医院出具的《死亡医学证明书》中记载的死亡时间,距离突发疾病已超过48小时,不能认定视同工伤。

像程女士一样,在工作中突发疾病死亡的劳动者不在少数。

中国劳动保障蓝皮书中披露的数字显示:从全国的情况看,2011年突发疾病死亡的人数为5750人,2012年为6295人,2013年为7182人,2014年为7344人;与同期的工亡人数相比,占比分别为27.9%、28.2%、31.1%、31.2%。

人社部社会保障研究所工伤保险研究室主任张军在中国劳动保障蓝皮书中表示,从全国的数据可以看出,突发疾病死亡人数占工亡总人数3成左右,且每年有小幅上涨。

此外,张军调查发现,从石家庄、郑州、广州等10个省会城市的情况看,突发疾病死亡的原因以“心源性”猝死居多,且绝大部分无有效抢救条件或发现时已死亡;发病地点多为独居地或不能及时提供医疗救治条件的位置;突发疾病死亡人员的年龄多集中在45岁至55岁。

“突发疾病死亡”条款缺乏操作性

根据中国劳动关系学院法学院院长姜颖教授的研究,最早正式将突发疾病纳入工伤范畴的是1996年10月1日颁布实施的《企业职工工伤保险试行办法》。

该“办法”第八条第四项规定:“在生产工作的时间和区域内,由于不安全因素造成意外伤害的,或者由于工作紧张突发疾病造成死亡或经第一次抢救治疗后全部丧失劳动能力的”应当认定为工伤。

2003年国务院颁布的《工伤保险条例》对突发疾病的内容进行一定的修改,并加入了48小时的限制,范围有所缩小:职工“在工作时间和工作岗位,突发疾病死亡或者在48小时之内经抢救无效死亡的”视同工伤。

2004年11月1日,原劳动和社会保障部发布《关于实施〈工伤保险条例〉若干问题的意见》进一步规定了突发疾病的类型和48小时的起算。

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