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小苏打真能“饿”死癌细胞?你关心的都在这儿

2016-09-26 04:15:00   新华通讯社

胡汛:另外对临床试验40人病例数量的质疑,我们想说的是这个研究是前沿研究,病例数量不可能很多,我们希望能起到一个“抛砖引玉”的作用,有它的不成熟性,发表的论文结果是在符合严格条件规定下入组患者的治疗结果,结果还需要更多研究来反复证明其准确性。

【问题五】小苏打和cTACE,二者哪个是治疗的关键?谁是“主菜”谁是“辣椒粉”?

胡汛:cTACE是上个世纪70年代日本学者提出的,至今40年了,临床证明它有效,但它的瓶颈是疗效不够高,尤其是对中晚期肝癌。TILA-TACE从手术的分量上看,表面上是加了一点佐料,但它具有深刻的肿瘤生物学背景,引入了新的肿瘤死亡机制,先解决了科学理论的问题,再转化到临床实践上。

若经过科学的反复验证后证实TILA-TACE的疗效,才可能替代现行的cTACE术式,使更多患者得到更好治疗,这才是研究的意义所在。

晁明:不少基础研究停留在实验室,难以转换到临床上来,从理论到实践是一步艰难的跨越。改良是技术问题,创新是科学问题。TILA-TACE不是一种改良,而是一种创新,它用技术推动了科技的发展,用辣椒粉来做比喻是不恰当的。

【问题六】是否和化疗一样会产生比较大的副作用,比如脱发、呕吐等等?

晁明:因为采取的是局部化疗,化疗反应很低,远远小于全身化疗。原发性肝细胞肝癌极少采用全身化疗,因为疗效不好同时病人不耐受。研究还没有终止,目前正在随机对照研究用化疗药物和不用化疗药物的疗效差异,下一步希望能降低化疗的副反应。

【问题七】预计成熟后的治疗费用是多少?

晁明:提高疗效减少了重复治疗的次数,总体的医疗费用一定会得到降低。比较大的肝癌肿瘤可能会需要很多轮次的cTACE,但TILA-TACE提高了治疗的有效性,可以减少治疗次数,从而减少总体治疗费用。小苏打是一种非常便宜的药物,并没有增加原来基础cTACE的费用,根据初步研究结果,用肿瘤残留率来计算的相对治疗效果提高了80%。

【问题八】国际医学界对此作何评价?eLife的国际学术地位怎样?

胡汛:eLife是一本较新的杂志,由美国霍华德·休斯医学研究所、德国马普学会、英国的Wellcome Trust三家机构出资创立,主编是诺贝尔奖获得者Randy Schekman,20个资深编委有10个是美国科学院院士,审阅这篇论文的两位编辑都是国际著名学者。

晁明:科学其实就是一层纸的厚度,科学的道理是很简单的,但发现的过程很艰难的。我们两个人在研究上的想法一致,认为肿瘤研究者需要坚持两个理念一个是原创性的理论突破,一个是对病人有好处。我们不追求速度,只是想探索科学的真理,对于一些自由的争论,这是正常的,对推动发展、去伪存真也是有利的。

胡汛:我们的研究,我们认为代表了一个治疗肿瘤的新理念,有理论上的意义。原发性肝细胞肝癌是检验这个思路最好的模型,我们突破了大肝癌疗效差的瓶颈,这是一个进步,但离终极目标还很远,需要我们这一代人乃至下一代人坚持不懈地努力。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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