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15个较大城市中多城出现负增长

2016-08-12 07:41:27   第一财经日报

原标题:15个“较大的市”:苏州领先 多城出现负增长

林小昭 谢念晓

[位居榜首的苏州成为15个城市中唯一一个GDP突破万亿大关的城市,去年该市GDP达到了14504亿元,GDP总量位居全国所有城市第7位。]

行政资源配置对一个城市经济发展至关重要,而体现一个城市行政配置能力的形式有很多种,其中就包括城市序列。

中国的城市序列有直辖市、副省级市、地级市、县级市、副地级市,将来也可能出现镇级市,“较大的市”曾经被很多城市追捧,如今这些城市发展情况如何?《第一财经日报》记者盘点后发现,苏州经济总量遥遥领先,不少城市面临困境。

  “较大的市”有哪些

“较大的市”是一个法律概念,专指由国务院批准具有地方立法权的城市,不包括直辖市、省会市和经济特区所在地市(这些城市已拥有立法权)。“较大的市”制定的地方性法规,必须报经所在省、自治区、直辖市的人大常委会批准后才能施行;但“较大的市”制定政府规章时无需报经批准就可以直接施行。

1984年,国务院批准唐山、大同、包头、大连、鞍山、抚顺、吉林、齐齐哈尔、青岛、无锡、淮南、洛阳、重庆等十三个市为“较大的市”。1988年批准宁波,1992年批准淄博、邯郸市和本溪,1993年批准徐州和苏州为“较大的市”,1997年重庆升格为直辖市,此后“较大的市”维持在18个。

“较大的市”实际上等于获得了副省级市的立法地位和立法权。有了地方立法权,就可以制定地方性法规和地方政府规章以及设立地方处罚标准,有利于地方经济社会发展。

多年来,包括南通、温州、东莞、佛山、泉州等不少经济发达城市纷纷提出申请,要求被批准成为“较大的市”,但国务院1994年后再没有批准任何城市成为“较大的市”。

2015年3月,第十二届全国人大第三次会议决定对《立法法》作出修改:地方立法权扩至所有设区的市。下放的权力主要是涉及到比如城市管理、城市建设、环境保护等这方面的法律。在立法权下放之后,普通地级市与“较大的市”一样,也拥有了立法权限。“较大的市”也不再具有优势。

需要指出的是,18个“较大的市”中,大连、青岛和宁波后来成为计划单列市、副省级城市,其享有的经济社会管理权限、立法权限、行政地位远非“较大的市”可比。因此,本文只比较其他15个城市的情况。

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