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学者谈延迟退休:中国不适合执行男女同龄退休政策

2016-08-02 00:28:03   中国经济周刊

另一被认为有可能率先实施延迟退休政策的女性群体是55岁退休的女干部和女知识分子。因为已有文件规定,率先延迟基本没有异议。

2015年2月16日,中组部、人社部联合下发《关于机关事业单位县处级女干部和具有高级职称的女性专业技术人员退休年龄问题的通知》,称党政机关、人民团体和事业单位中的正、副处级女干部,具有高级职称的女性专业技术人员,将年满60周岁退休。通知表示,处级女干部退休年龄延迟,是为了充分发挥女领导干部和女性专业技术人员的作用。

学者建议实施弹性退休制度,我国不适合执行男女同龄退休政策

除了每年延迟几个月、是否先从女性延迟这两个焦点问题之外,到底延迟到多少岁退休,以及是否延续现在的“男女退休年龄不同的框架”,也是争议的焦点。

在男女退休年龄方面,据人社部国际劳动保障研究所所长莫荣介绍,总体来说,大部分国家执行男女相同的退休年龄政策。全球170个国家和地区中,男女法定退休年龄相同的共有111个,占65.3%;男女法定退休年龄不同的共有59个,占34.7%。

资料显示,中国现行的退休年龄框架,早在上世纪50年代颁布《劳动保险条例》后就开始实施,当时中国的人均寿命还不足50岁。

但是,随着中国社会经济的快速的发展,人均寿命早已突破76岁。这样看来,60多年前出台的退休政策确实已不适应当前经济社会发展。

胡仙芝告诉《中国经济周刊》记者,“现有政策规定的女职工50岁退休是不合时宜的,当时出台政策的背景是那个时候劳动力比较多,人均寿命短。而现在人均寿命延长了,人口结构发生了很大变化,劳动力变得稀缺……”

“男女不要实行一样的退休年龄,还是要区分工种,比如在一线工作的拼体力的女职工,可以延迟到60岁。对于搞科研、艺术、教育的女知识分子可以延迟到63岁。男性统一延到65岁退休。”竹立家向《中国经济周刊》表示,延迟退休最好是走弹性的路子,因为每个人的身体状况千差万别,身体状况不好的人,愿意提前退休,而实施弹性退休,能满足每个人的意愿。

苏海南也认为,延迟退休年龄走的肯定是弹性的路子,分步骤稳步推进,不可能一下子延迟很多年。同时,允许劳动者做出自由选择,是否选择延迟退休自己说了算,与此同时,其领取的退休金也是不一样的。

人口老龄化使延迟退休成为必然政策公开透明后网友接受度更高

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