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学者谈延迟退休:中国不适合执行男女同龄退休政策

2016-08-02 00:28:03   中国经济周刊

“小步慢走”到底是怎么个走法?人社部的解释比较含糊,只是说每年推迟几个月的时间,经过一个相当长的时间,再达到法定退休的年龄。这个政策施行以后,可能5年后退休的你是60岁零3个月退休,6年后退休的他可能是60岁零6个月退休。

竹立家认为,“不应该是3个月,最少也应该是半年,因为3个月时间太短了,体现不出出台延迟退休政策的意义。”

当前,我国男女实行不一样的退休年龄。国家法定的企业职工退休年龄是男年满60周岁,女工人年满50周岁,女干部年满55周岁。从事井下、高温、高空、特别繁重体力劳动或其他有害身体健康工作的,退休年龄男年满55周岁。

如果按竹立家所说每一年延半年进行推算,将女职工的退休年龄从50岁延迟到60岁,需要20年时间,到2040年前后将基准退休年龄从50岁提高到60岁是可行的。

如果延迟退休在2022年落地实施,以下四个群体将会受到退休新政的影响。

首先是小于等于50岁女性工人,即1972年以及以后出生的女性;其次是小于等于55岁女性干部,即国家文件规定的党政机关、人民团体和事业单位中的正、副处级女干部、具有高级职称的女性专业技术人员;第三是小于等于55岁的男性工人,主要是从事繁重体力劳动的工人,即1967年以及以后出生的人;第四是小于等于60岁男性干部,即1962年以及以后出生的男性。

“由此看出,延迟退休方案首先影响的是65后,影响最大的是70后,根据人社部提出将实行‘渐进式’延迟退休,直到经过相当长时间达到新拟定的法定退休年龄,这将是较长的过渡时期。因此对于85后和90后来说,到退休时估计已经完全赶上了新政。”胡仙芝说。

女职工最有可能率先实施退休政策

人社部主要负责人还表示,“延迟退休”将从实际出发,区分不同群体的情况,在制定政策时考虑“分步走”,渐进到位,“比如会选取现在退休年龄相对较低的部分岗位开始。”

由于目前我国女职工的退休年龄是50岁,因此是最有可能率先实施延迟退休政策的群体。

中国劳动学会副会长苏海南认为,延迟退休从女工人起步也是可以的,但是一定要处理好体力劳动者所面临的延长工作时间所带来的问题和挑战,对体力劳动者一定要有一个“以人为本”的延迟退休的具体安排,“比如女工人延退,不是简单地因为女工人退休年龄早而延迟退休年龄,一定要确保女工人不是在原有偏重的体力条件下去工作。”

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