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人社部3天连转12文谈延迟退休 释放啥信号?

2016-07-28 01:18:16   中国新闻网

中央财经大学社会保障研究中心主任褚福灵指出,延迟退休年龄是适应人口预期寿命增长的需要,是应对人口老龄化的需要,是保持基本养老保险制度持续健康发展的需要。

资料图。王东明摄

建议“先女后男”兼顾特殊

由于现行退休年龄并不统一,延迟退休面临着谁先谁后的问题。李忠指出,要区分对待,分步实施。不是对所有社会群体同时实行延迟退休,会选择现在退休年龄相对偏低的群体,从这部分群体开始逐步实施。

郑功成在接受《人民日报》采访时建议,采取“女先男后”的政策取向,先从低龄退休的女性开始,而男性与符合60岁退休的女性先不延迟。

郑功成解释称,“女先男后”主要原因还是因为中国男女退休年龄相差太大,男性60岁退休,女职工50岁退休,女干部55岁,两者相差10岁、5岁。这么大的差距,同步延迟退休将不利于缩小差距,也会使这一政策的调整波及全体。

专家还强调,调整法定退休年龄时应当兼顾特殊。郑功成对《中国劳动保障报》表示,重体力岗位上的劳动者、丧失劳动能力到一定程度的劳动者,应允许在基准退休年龄前提早退休,当然其领取全额养老金时需要达到国家法定的最低缴费年限。再如,对工龄长的劳动者亦应当有相应规定。

资料图。张斌摄

强调对青年就业影响有限

延迟退休是否会影响年轻人就业?人社部劳动科学研究所所长郑东亮对《中国劳动保障报》表示,实施渐进式延迟退休办法,一年延迟几个月,总体上对就业影响有限,而且这种影响分散到所有行业,因此,对就业不会构成大的冲击,也不会因此导致年轻人就业难。

郑东亮说,在劳动力市场上并不是绝对的一对一关系,实际情况是,儿子可能看不上老子干的活儿。他指出,青年的就业机会主要还是决定于经济发展和转型升级。年轻人更愿意去的岗位是以互联网为代表的新兴产业、新型服务业。

褚福灵表示,延迟退休可能会对就业产生一定的影响,但影响不会很大。现在的很多企业尤其是小企业,有相当一部分员工是退休返聘人员,退休后仍在就业岗位上继续工作,而延迟退休也是在就业岗位上继续工作,和现在的状况相差无几。可以通过发展经济、调整产业结构、发展新产业、创造新业态、加强海外合作等办法来缓解延迟退休与就业之间的矛盾,实现充分就业。

资料图。中新社记者泱波摄

提高延迟退休者养老金待遇

很多人担心,延迟退休之后,领取的养老金会不会减少?中山大学社会保障研究中心主任申曙光在接受《中国劳动保障报》采访时解释说,延迟退休之后,工作年限长了,相应的缴费年限长了,相应的养老保险缴存多了。而同时工资还会上涨。根据“多缴多得长缴长得”原则,虽然职工领取养老金的时间推迟了,但“实质上养老保险待遇应该是增加的”。

郑功成提出,对延迟退休者应当有利益上的补偿,即通过提高延迟退休者的养老金待遇来避免其利益受损,这才是正确取向。

清华大学就业与社会保障研究中心副主任何继明在接受《中国劳动保障报》采访时建议,要建立基本养老保险“多劳多得多缴多得长缴多得迟领不少得”激励机制,保证工作时间长的人总体利益不但不会降低,反而更高。

责任编辑:赵逸 CN039
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