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人社部专家:提高法定退休年龄是必然趋势

2016-07-25 13:35:33   新京报

原标题:人社部专家:提高法定退休年龄是必然趋势

新京报快讯(记者吴为)7月25日,据人社部官网消息,对“渐进式延迟退休”政策,官方组织该部多名研究所所长进行解读。其中,人社部社会保障研究所所长金维刚表示,适时、适度并且渐进式地提高法定退休年龄,已成为各国调整退休政策的发展趋势。

“‘延迟’带贬义,名不正言不顺”

金维刚表示,从国际上看,随着人口预期寿命的延长、人口老龄化程度的提高、劳动力市场供不应求、老年人口抚养比增加、社会养老保障资金收支压力增大等方面的因素变化,许多国家都在逐步提高法定退休年龄。

“实际上,从上世纪70年代以来,已有60多个国家和地区不同程度地提高了法定退休年龄,适时、适度并且渐进式地提高法定退休年龄,已成为各国应对上述因素变化而调整退休政策的发展趋势。”金维刚说。

同时,金维刚认为适当提高法定退休年龄,是一种正常的公共管理措施和社会现象,从这个意义上讲,“延迟退休年龄”的提法并不一定恰当。

“将国家依法提高法定退休年龄标准称之为延迟退休年龄,不仅不够科学,而且由于”延迟“一词本身包含一定贬义,名不正则言不顺,容易将国家适当提高法定退休年龄的正常举措视为不正常,从而引起公众的反感和抵触。”金维刚说。

“延退对单一技能大龄劳动者就业有影响”

人社部劳动科学研究所所长郑东亮解释了实施延迟退休政策对就业的影响。他表示,一般人认为,目前的就业困境是老的不退休,年轻的进不来。实际上,劳动力市场并不是绝对的一对一关系。

郑东亮说,过去退休顶替政策,老子退休,儿子顶替。而现在的实际情况是,儿子可能看不上老子干的活。“更多年轻人就业是进入新兴行业,因此,延退占用的就业岗位并不会绝对地替代年轻人的就业机会,年轻人的就业机会主要还是取决于经济发展和产业转型升级。”郑东亮表示。

“2020年之后劳动年龄人口年均减少幅度将加大,劳动年龄人口从2011年高峰期的9亿多将减少到2050年的7亿左右。”郑东亮表示,固然劳动生产率逐步提高,但教育年限延长,劳动者的工作年限减少,社会总体劳动力资源在减少。因此,必须充分开发利用劳动力资源,而渐进式的延迟退休是一个途径。

不过,郑东亮也表示,延迟退休对大龄劳动者,特别是技能单一的大龄劳动者的就业有一定影响。为此,需要开发更多的合适岗位,采取有针对性的就业扶持政策,支持这些劳动者就业。

背景:

发达国家普遍65岁以上退休

人社部国际劳动保障研究所所长莫荣介绍,在有些国家,为避免“年龄歧视”,不存在法定退休年龄,雇主强制雇员退休是非法的,比如美国、加拿大、新西兰、英国、澳大利亚。有些国家,强制退休是合法的,但规定了一个最低退休年龄。

莫荣介绍:“我们对全球170个国家或地区的退休年龄情况进行了梳理。发达国家普遍执行65岁以上的退休年龄,有的甚至达到70岁,如以色列。少数经济落后的小国,执行的是低于60岁的退休年龄,它们或者是养老金制度不完善,覆盖人群有限,或者是人均预期寿命较低。”

对于延迟退休的实施,莫荣介绍,国外从立法到开始实行有一定的过渡期。“像日本、韩国,从立法到真正实行,间隔13年,美国甚至更长。”

责任编辑:赵逸 CN039
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