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地震孤儿、灾害心理学家董惠娟:治疗唐山隐伤丨唐山大地震40年

2016-07-23 20:20:00   新京报新媒体

董家对面的一个邻居,地震中失去了父母和妻子。之后的一两年里,这个中年男人每天坐在简易房门口一会儿哭一会笑。有人和他说话,他只会重复两句“好好活着”、“我不悲伤”。

董惠娟那会儿总是反复咂巴他那句“好好活着”。但没几年,男人就过世了。

为什么唐山有这么多的创伤?董惠娟很困惑。她想通过读心理学的方式,分析自己和身边的人。

  病人

和董惠娟一样困惑的,还有开滦精神卫生中心的十几位医生。

医生于振剑至今记得90年代初接触到的一个病例。一位二十多岁的女性,到了陌生场所,如果发现门窗不能打开,就会非常恐慌。她无法正常乘坐封闭的电梯、轿车、煤矿上通勤的绿皮火车。

追溯原因,于振剑发现,大地震时,她十来岁,被埋了几个小时,黑暗中,窒息的感觉非常强烈。被救后,这种恐惧被压抑了,十年后,出差遇到类似的场景,心理创伤再次被激发。

时任开滦精神卫生中心院长的张本也遇到了不少类似的病例,亲人在地震中丧生后,不少幸存者在接下来的十多年里连续出现无法正常入睡、噩梦、易伤感、对人生失去兴趣、对未来失去信心的状况。

医生们发现,这些具有精神疾病和心理疾病的病人,大都经历过唐山大地震。

唐山大地震的发生时间。资料图

1995年开始,张本带着于振剑等十几位医生,针对唐山地震对孤儿、丧偶再婚者、截瘫患者、一般受难者等不同群体开展了研究,历时十年。

数据证实了他们的猜测,地震的亲历者们患神经症、焦虑症、恐惧症的比例远高于正常人群。在地震中承受的心理创伤程度越高,二十年后,他们的心理健康程度越低。

同一时期,董惠娟已经读完了应用心理学的硕士课程。她开始分析自己。

2000年前后,买房的压力和儿子的叛逆期一起袭来,董惠娟觉得自己要被压垮了。那段时间,她总做梦。梦里,妈妈坐在唐山一处地下通道的入口处向她招手,她跟在妈妈后面,沿着漆黑的地下通道,一直走,一直走,越走越亮,接着,妈妈就消失了。

后来,在博士论文进展不顺利、被家庭琐事缠身时,她总会做这样的梦,有时候是地震前一家人一起给妈妈过生日的画面,有时候又是妈妈送她上学的场景。

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