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陕西多地陷能源产业泥潭 地方财政断崖式下跌

2016-07-08 14:21:39    经济观察报

吴起县经济发展局局长贾治乾告诉记者,吴起经济和财政的石油依赖太大,在全国也是很严重的。“我们曾经测算过,吴起县的人员工资,1块钱里有0.86元来源于石油。我们的餐饮、服务等也都是依附于石油。石油不行了,别的税收也就不行了。”

县财政断崖式下跌,让很多当地工作人员感到不适应。“确定今年财政预算的时候,财政局的门槛都快被人踏破了,各部门都不希望自己计划好的项目被砍掉。但财政没钱,也是焦头烂额。”

“目前刚性的民生支出一分钱不能少,这是政府定下来的。”贾治乾说,在整个陕北地区,财政收入出现断崖式下跌,并非只有吴起县,横山、府谷、志丹等县,也出现不同程度的地方财政收入“缩水”情况。

 破局需要“思维革命”

一些有识之士认识到,陕北需要一场真正意义上的经济转型,而这一切则要从思维的转变开始。

首先,投机式思维应当得到遏制。榆林一位民企老板告诉记者,在经济高速增长时,高增长、高回报是当地人熟知的投资模式。许多神木人习惯了赚取暴利,根本看不上一元一元地赚小钱。地方干部也习惯了上大项目,一些有发展前景的小项目、小行业则看不上。

其次,当地政府需打破思维惯性,应深挖文化、民俗资源。除矿产资源外,陕北还拥有丰富的历史文化和大漠边塞等自然资源。但长期以来,这些资源却遭冷遇,开发程度极低。

在榆林一处史前文明遗址古镇,参观者根本找不到一家提供干净棉被的旅馆。旅游是世界公认的朝阳行业,但在经济曾高速增长的陕北,这一资源的认可度和重视程度非常低。

第三,民企亟须成长,现代商业思维亟须建立。业内人士表示,在此次危机中,陕北的企业面临一次洗牌,一些管理粗放、不符合经济规律的企业将被淘汰。

 培育新兴产业,打造产业梯度

陕西永秀智库经济管理研究院院长、西北大学教授白永秀说,这里的产业结构太单一,延安是“油”主沉浮、榆林是“煤”主沉浮,现在煤炭、石油价格跌了,经济不景气,这对陕北来说,可能还是好事情。煤炭、石油靠不住了,吃不上饭了,才能迫使其思考——如何转型发展,摆脱资源依赖。

专家表示,资源依赖危机在世界范围内同样存在,如委内瑞拉等国。但同样是石油或矿产品输出国,挪威、澳大利亚因产业结构多元化,受到的影响相对较小。造成差别的主要原因就是能否培育出新兴产业,产业梯度是否合理。发展接续产业和新兴替代产业是世界各国资源型城市转型和实现可持续发展的关键,我国资源型城市可以充分借鉴。

首先,发展接续产业主要就是围绕矿业产业,使其产业链向后侧和旁侧延伸,以增加产品的科技含量,提高产品的附加值,带来更高的效益。

同时,新兴产业可脱离原有矿业资源而发展产业,在提供就业机会和保证区域经济持续发展方面可实现对老产业的替代,从而比较彻底地改变资源型城市对原有资源优势的依赖,带动建立新的城市产业体系,实现彻底转型。

对此,延安大学经济学教授徐长玉指出:“改变一业独大的畸形经济结构,必须尽快培育出若干个能够替代的接续产业。”对延安来说,首先应发展现代生态农业,特别是苹果业;第二,农副产品加工业;第三,旅游业。而其中最有前景的就是旅游业。

文化产业也成为当地最被看好的新兴业态,当地一位企业界人士指出:“我们榆林有两种宝藏:一种是矿产资源,另一种就是我们丰富多元的边塞文化。”

“我们要像‘采石油’一样‘采文化’。若能把文化旅游资源开发利用好,不仅会带来巨大的社会效益和经济效益,也会成为永续不竭的产业。”延安市政协委员孙文芳表示。(来源:半月谈)

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