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陕西多地陷能源产业泥潭 地方财政断崖式下跌

2016-07-08 14:21:39    经济观察报

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文: 姜辰蓉

位于陕西北部的延安和榆林两市,石油、煤炭及各类矿产资源富集,曾因经济高速增长备受瞩目。然而近几年来,随着煤价、油价及主要能化产品价格的大幅下降,火热的陕北经济骤然降温,甚至是断崖式下跌,这将高度依赖资源的单一经济模式的风险暴露无遗。

 民企陷入生存危机

陕西府谷,位于煤炭、镁等资源富集区,民营经济占到经济总量的三分之二,2013年府谷被确定为陕西“民营经济转型升级试验田”。这里规模以上民企有223家,其中绝大多数主营煤炭、能化产品。今年3月,府谷县工业经济局对全县387户工业企业调查显示,有22户企业停产,64户企业半停产。

府谷县金磊源铁合金有限责任公司负责人说,现在生产经营非常困难,价格上不去,利润几乎没有。“如果形势持续下去,企业也只能等着关门。”

随着煤炭、工业产品价格下行,近年银行开始大幅减少给府谷民企的贷款金额,致使许多民企雪上加霜,资金链处于断裂边缘。

府谷恒源煤焦电化有限公司董事长王乃荣说,自己是“府谷最大的困难户”。截至2016年4月,恒源公司的1000多名员工已经有11个月没领到工资了,企业欠薪3000多万元。

过去,当地民企中盛行“追求规模,盲目求大”的思维模式,不仅仅反映在能化项目上。在府谷县,经济高速增长曾带动当地房地产、商铺热销,一位当地老板一人就购置了县城一半街道的沿街商铺。“前几年商铺多火热啊,大家都看好,现在商铺都是关的多,几乎没有新开的。购买商铺的现在资金肯定都套里面了。”一位府谷当地人说。

 政府财政步入困境

对陕西延安市吴起县来说,油价暴跌的影响非常大。吴起是“石油财政”,县内两个大型石油企业——长庆油田和延长石油吴起采油厂,占吴起财政收入的71.5%。作为革命老区,按照国家规定,吴起采油厂每吨原油要给地方政府缴纳550元的石油开发费,因此一个吴起采油厂的税费就占到县财政收入的53%。

吴起县财政局副局长张振华说,2015年第四季度至今,吴起采油厂一直拖欠石油开发费,累计已达6亿多元。“我们今年财政收入预算25亿元,石油开发就占到13.7亿元,如果这个来不了,我们就剩11.3亿元,这样的话光人员工资、社保两项就是9亿多元,支农补贴、教育、救济算下来也有3亿多元,这将近12亿元的刚性支出都会出问题。”

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