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外交部回应“中国不执行南海仲裁违反国际法”

2016-05-13 08:47:00    外交部网站

第四,程序上,当事方必须先就争端解决方式履行交换意见的义务。如果当事方没有履行交换意见的义务,那么也不应当提起强制仲裁,仲裁庭也没有管辖权。

上述四项条件实际上是缔约国提起仲裁、仲裁庭行使管辖权的“四道门槛”。它们是一揽子的、平衡的规定,应该全面、完整地加以理解和适用。

我们讲国际法,首先要知道国际法是什么。刚才我讲的就是国际法。

根据上述条件,我们来衡量一下菲律宾单方面提出的仲裁,不难看出,菲律宾所提仲裁在国际法上至少是“四违反”。

一是菲律宾提请仲裁事项的实质是南海部分岛礁的领土主权问题,超出了《公约》的适用范围;二是即使有关事项涉及到《公约》的解释和适用问题,也构成海域划界不可分割的组成部分,已经被中国2006年的声明所排除,不得提交仲裁;三是中菲还达成了通过谈判方式解决在南海的争端的协议,菲律宾无权单方面提请仲裁;四是菲律宾在程序上没有尽到就争端解决方式与中国交换意见的义务。

总之,菲律宾提起仲裁属于典型的滥用《公约》规定的强制仲裁程序。正是基于上述原因,这个仲裁庭从一开始就不应该存在。2014年,中国政府发表立场文件,从国际法的角度详细阐明了为什么仲裁庭对此案无管辖权。大家不妨再回去读一读。

但是,仲裁庭并没有秉持客观、公正的立场,而是曲解《公约》规定,千方百计地迎合菲方主张,违背了应当基于事实和法律得出具有管辖权结论的基本责任,在管辖权问题上作出了很难令人信服的裁决。这样一个裁决,在国际法上是无效的。一个根本没有管辖权、自始就不应该出现和存在的机构,就仲裁事项所发表的任何意见,充其量也只能代表他们这几个人的观点,没有任何法律效力,更谈不上所谓承认和执行的问题。

下面请各位记者朋友提问。

王晰宁:大家提问之前介绍一下自己所在的单位,而且每次问一个问题,给大家更多的机会。

 一、中国日报:你好,我是中国日报的记者。我想问徐司长一个问题:现在媒体上普遍认为无论中方持什么观点,国际舆论大多数是认为菲律宾提起仲裁案是按国际法行事,中国如果不执行仲裁决议就是以大欺小,不按国际法办事,中国难道不怕被孤立吗?

徐宏:确实有这么一种观点,认为既然《公约》规定了仲裁的裁决具有确定性,那么不论仲裁庭作了什么样的裁决,中国都有义务遵守和执行。这种观点是片面的。按照仲裁制度的一般原理,任何一项仲裁裁决要得到承认和执行,一个基本的前提就是仲裁庭必须要对仲裁事项具有管辖权。如果没有管辖权,那么仲裁程序就不应该进行。即使进行了仲裁程序,它的结果也是无效的,也不应该得到承认和执行。按照《公约》,仲裁庭在确定管辖权的时候,它不能够随心所欲,而必须在国际法包括《公约》规定的范围内谨慎行事。

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