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外交部回应“中国不执行南海仲裁违反国际法”
2016-05-13 08:47:00
外交部网站
第二,它将航行自由等同于不受任何限制的绝对自由,完全背离了《公约》和习惯国际法对航行自由所作的各种限制,同时也不符合和平利用海洋原则、合作原则和适当顾及他国权利的原则。
在中国南海岛礁的附近海域,美国提出所谓的“无害通过”。实际上我们知道,按照《公约》,“无害通过”是有特定含义的。它必须是无害的,而且应该只是通过。“无害”就是指外国的船舶通过领海的时候,不得损害沿海国的和平、良好秩序或者安全。《公约》对于什么叫做“无害”也有明确的界定,如果说是会对沿海国的主权、领土完整或者政治独立进行武力威胁或者使用武力,如果是进行军事演习,如果是搜集沿海国的防务情报,如果是影响沿海国防务或者安全的宣传行为,干扰沿海国的通讯系统等等,这些行动都不是无害的。
《公约》本身对于外国的军舰是不是享有无害通过权,没有作出明确规定。但世界上很多国家都要求外国军舰进入它的领海应该获得批准或者是事先通知,目的是要保障沿海国的和平与安全。这种规定不是限制《公约》规定的无害通过权,而是为了更好的保障这种无害通过是在符合《公约》宗旨和原则的前提下得到实现。
美国军舰放着宽广的海域不走,偏要到中国岛礁的临近海域的狭窄海道里面,这个恐怕不是“无害”,也不是“通过”。因为很明显,它们自己也说,这就是一种挑战,就是要炫耀武力。美国到现在还没有批准《联合国海洋法公约》,反过来却要挑战其他国家根据《公约》制定的国内法,我不知道是谁给了它这样的权利!它们这种行为打着“航行自由”的旗号,其实反过来恰恰是容易造成“擦枪走火”,引起地区的局势紧张,恰恰最后会妨碍到真正的航行自由。谢谢。
王晰宁:今天的吹风会就到此结束,谢谢各位记者。
徐宏:谢谢。
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