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外交部回应“中国不执行南海仲裁违反国际法”

2016-05-13 08:47:00    外交部网站

近年来,一些国家攻击南海断续线,真实的目的是要故意混淆领土争议和海洋划界的争议,企图借此否定中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域的主权,掩盖它们非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁的事实。

回到仲裁案来说,菲律宾要求仲裁庭来确定中国在南海主张的海洋权利范围是不是超出《公约》的规定。跟我前面讲到的道理一样,这个问题首先需要判断中国在南海的领土主权。因为,根据国际法,国家的领土主权是其海洋权利的基础。如果不确定中国对南海岛礁的领土主权,也就没有办法确定中国根据《公约》在南海可以主张什么样的海洋权利,当然更无从判断,中国在南海的海洋权利主张是不是超出《公约》允许的范围。

另一方面,我们也要注意到,南海断续线的历史比《公约》要长很多,《公约》也并不是国际海洋法的全部。不管从哪个方面讲,仲裁庭对南海断续线都没有管辖权。至于说到谈判问题,我们一再重申,希望有关各方在尊重历史事实和国际法的基础上,通过协商和谈判来解决我们之间的争端,这个大门始终是敞开的。谢谢。

 九、新华社:有一些国家认为,中国在南海的存在会影响南海的航行自由,您如何看待这个问题。还有您如何看待美国军舰在南海实施的“航行自由行动”?

徐宏:谢谢,谈到航行自由的问题,我要澄清两个概念。一个是国际法上的“航行自由”,另外一个是美国实施的所谓“航行自由行动”或称作“航行自由计划”。这两个概念完全是两码事,不能混为一谈。

对于国际法上所认可的航行自由,特别是各国在南海的航行自由,从来没有出现过什么问题。我没有听说哪个国家真的是收到过这方面的投诉,说他们的商船或者公司在南海的航行自由遇到过问题。相反,我们倒是看到很多报道,说在南海的航行自由和安全是没有任何问题的,是得到充分保障的。所以说,现在有些国家炒作所谓南海航行自由的问题,完全是它们臆想出来的。

说到美国的“航行自由行动”,那又是另外一个问题。这个所谓的“航行自由行动”是一个特有的概念。它是美国在1979年为了反对《公约》制定的一些制度所出台的单边行动,目的是挑战其他国家在美国看来“过分”的海洋主张。这个行动本身就是违反《公约》的,至少有两大违法之处:

第一,它奉行的是旧的海洋法体制,把毗连区、专属经济区等视为“国际水域”,等同于公海。

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