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常州“毒地”污染史疑长达50年 城市规划只字未提

2016-04-22 05:41:07   第一财经网

上述学者的调研发现,常化厂于1958年开始研发、生产工业六六六原粉,先后在氯碱厂区的4个不同地点修建了六六六原药生产车间,其中最老的车间生产时间长达15年。

常化厂的六六六生产车间在生产过程中曾发生六六六原粉泄漏事故。20世纪六七十年代,常化厂的老六六六生产车间曾多次发生过工业纯苯泄漏事故,最大泄漏量不超过10吨/次,泄漏的工业纯苯通过明沟系统直接进入大通河。氯苯是六六六原粉生产过程中产生的副产物,常化厂的六六六生产车间在生产过程中亦曾发生氯苯泄漏事故。

搬迁之后的遗毒

虽然常化厂、味精厂和实验工厂于2007年搬离,但剧毒物质已经进入土壤。

2008年,一篇公开发表在《环境监测和毒理》杂志上的论文描述到,这块毒地的土壤,对不同的动植物存在毒性,且农药厂搬迁场地的土壤污染较为严重。通过化学方法分析了土壤样品中的挥发性有机物浓度和持久性有机物,结果表明,场地土壤检查的挥发性有机物较多,其中有多种具有强致癌性的多环芳烃类污染物。

2011年,前述清华大学学者调研后,对毒物的监测结果如下:各主要污染物的检出情况为:六六六(9690毫克/千克,调查最大值),苯(1730毫克/千克),氯苯(184毫克/千克),二氯丙烷(1230毫克/千克)等。

“这三种物质在地下7米处,监测到的浓度都很高。六六六在深度为7米的地方浓度远远高于其他采样层位,随着采样深度的增加,六六六检出浓度逐渐升高,直至承压含水层顶板;苯的分布与六六六相似。”这位学者在其论文中描述。

2012年,常州市环境科学研究院研究员陈莉娜在《农业环境科学学报》发表了一篇《有机氯农药污染场地地下水抽水试验》论文,她的研究范围是常州当地的有机氯农药厂。

陈莉娜在电话中拒绝了《第一财经日报》记者的采访。

在这篇4年前的论文中,陈莉娜表示,试验所用抽水井掘井深度均为20米,72小时不间断抽水。可以看出,整个连续抽水试验过程中,3口井抽出水中检测出大部分场地内存在超标特征污染物,有:六六六(1658微克/升,调查最大值),苯(283000微克/升),氯苯(5620微克/升),二氯苯(3477微克/升),三氯苯(3780微克/升)等。

上述论文亦认为,有机氯农药如六六六在环境中具有高毒性、持久性和生物富集性等特征,对人体健康和生态环境均具有严重危害。至今在(该地块)环境中仍能监测到不同含量的六六六。

随着我国城市化进程和产业转移步伐的加快,大量的化工企业搬迁或关停,从而出现大量亟待修复的污染场地。农药(如滴滴涕、六六六、三氯杀螨醇等)污染场地是其中较为典型的一类,且大部分场地处于复、混合污染状态,进而增加了污染场地土壤和地下水修复工作的难度。

城市规划只字未提“毒地”

常外位于龙虎塘街道,属新北区中心城区建成区。

随着常州新北区的开发,这块有毒区域内的工业企业逐步搬迁,相关区域地块功能调整为居住和商业用地。在这一地域规划的环评报告中,以及环境修复之后,其环境评估都是合格的。

2010年10月,新北区政府提交了《常州市新北区土地利用总体规划(2006-2020)》送审稿,在这个长达85页的文本中,描述了新北区的未来将是常州市“北部新城”的蓝图,但是这样的一份文件中,只字未提污染土壤修复的内容。

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