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人大常委会委员:养老金全国统筹预计今年出方案

2016-03-08 03:08:26    新京报

新京报:这样的改革阻力很大吧?

郑功成:发达地区肯定会不太愿意,还有人担心会加重中央财政的负担。但这种改革不能只屈从一些地方的意愿,更不能因为担忧而继续让制度在严重扭曲的状态下前行,现在已在付代价,再继续这样的格局,代价必然越来越高。

新京报:如何破局?

郑功成:要靠中央政府强力推进,这是必须要走的路,别无选择。

新京报:养老金全国统筹有时间表吗?

郑功成:根据“十二五”规划,2015年就应当拿出方案,现在已经延期了,主要是中央需要统筹考虑与之相关的退休年龄、统账结合财务机制等问题。但今年必须拿出方案。现在有两种思路,一是一步到位地实现统收统支的全国统筹,二是渐进地先建调剂基金再走向真正意义上的全国统筹,比如现在让部分缴费低、基金结余多的地区每年上缴一定比例,再调剂给缴费高、基金结余有限甚至收不抵支的地区,最终过渡到全国统一。

谈弥补养老金缺口

  通过国资划转解决“老人”问题

新京报:养老金缺口很大一部分是因为之前没有缴费的老人在大量领取养老金,有人觉得现在的“中人”缴费,给老人发放养老金,这样不公平。

郑功成:现在的退休人员没有缴费,并不意味着他过去没有承担相应义务,因为这些老年人当年普遍拿的是低工资,养老金作为他们必要劳动的构成部分,只是没有单列出来,而是凝聚在国有资本里面了。因此,在养老保险制度改革后,这部分凝结在国有资本中的钱就应当划拨出来用以充实养老保险基金,这是解决历史欠账问题的必由之路。

新京报:政府工作报告也明确了划转国有资本充实社保基金,现在有具体方案吗?

郑功成:这是既定方针。但不同方案存在不同的难题,是把国有股本直接划转到社会保障基金,还是把国有资产的收益上缴给基金,各有优劣。比如,中石化划拨10%的股份给社保基金,还是中石化利润上缴?如果直接划转股份,那社保基金管理者的投资责任就会加大,就得承担风险;如果是上缴国有资本的收益,这笔收益其实也要取决于市场竞争。如何做才能真正让国有资本有效地充实养老保险基金,应在深入研究、审慎决策的基础上果断推进。

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