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人大常委会委员:养老金全国统筹预计今年出方案

2016-03-08 03:08:26    新京报

第四,我们还有扩大覆盖面的空间。当前参保率才80%左右,没有进来的主要是青壮年,如果真正实现了全民参保,对当前的人口抚养比会产生较大的有利影响。

第五,退休年龄还有调整的空间。如德国已从65岁退休开始向67岁延迟,我国平均退休年龄还不到54岁,伴随人均寿命延长与劳动力供求变化,表明还有调整的空间。

第六,我们有逾百万亿的国有资本和全部公有的土地资源,这样雄厚的公共物质基础,当然应当成为整个社会保障制度特别是养老保险制度的重要支撑。

有利因素如此之多,为什么要让老百姓为这个担忧与焦虑。即使有风险,也应该是政府或者学者要做的事情。

新京报:那局部地区为何会发生这么大的缺口?

郑功成:财政部向全国人大报告的数据表明,2015年全国社会保险基金累计结余为57000多亿元,预计2016年底时累计结余将超过6万亿元,其中企业职工基本养老保险基金结余到2016年底时将达到33712亿元。这样多的结余是真金白银放在那里,现在处于贬值状态,急切需要做的是要尽快进行有效投资。

当前局部地区出现的基金收支缺口主要是由于养老保险制度地区分割格局造成的,也是结构不合理造成的局部问题,因为全国总体结余在增长,一部分地区收不抵支,另一部分地区却是基金结余越来越巨。因此,我不赞同将局部问题看成全局问题,更不赞同以此来抓眼球而忽视背后的筹资不公、权益不公问题。局部地区出现的问题其实应当是在给政府敲警钟,如果按照现在这样的格局走下去,富的地区越富,穷的地区越穷,所以需要尽快改革,现在已经很被动了。

养老金全国统筹

  全国统筹方案现在有两种思路

新京报:你说的改革是不是养老金的全国统筹,富余的地方和有缺口的地方互相调剂?

郑功成:全国统筹是优化制度安排的治本之计,只有全国统筹才能回归制度公平并实现在全国范围内的互助共济。从现在的情形出发,深圳、东莞等一些年轻的城市,即使近二三十年不收养老保险费也可能不存在支付风险,因为年轻人多老人少;而类似辽宁、黑龙江等老工业基地将陷入无法自拔的困境。因此,应该尽快下决心推进并实现全国统筹,年轻的城市、发达的地区应当为这一制度的全国统一做出贡献,这是制度的内在要求,也是法理要求,因为法定的劳工成本应当全国一致。

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