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调研称部分地区养老因已穿底 21省余负增长

2016-01-23 23:38:56    中国经营报

前述人士表示,“现在一方面刚性支出越来越大;另一方面经济下行,税收收入大幅度下滑,那在这种情况下怎么办?”

“中央经济工作会议刚刚开完,2016年还是减税,减税后财政还会承受更大的压力,如果我们搞赤字,我们靠赤字债务能不能维持财政的未来可持续性呢?这就是财政风险问题。”

不能靠借债发放养老金

有消息称,全国人大常委会预算工委调研也发现,个别地方甚至通过举债来发放养老金。

以日本为例,日本的财政里1/3多支出都是养老金支出,而税收不足以弥补这些支出,只好通过债务解决,日本的债务超过200%,位列世界最高。

前述财政部下属机构人士表示,“我到日本跟他们探讨,说日本债务这么高怎么没有出问题,还好像挺好,是不是政府靠借债就能维系下去?现在世界上没有一个 理论能解释说政府靠借债就能维系你的支出不断增长,或者靠借债维系养老,很显然这个风险是很大的,日本人也很担忧,说不定哪一天他的债务高台一崩溃,那意 味着整个国家的灾难。”

为了解决这一系列问题,人社部也在寻找方法。

人社部发言人表示,下一步,将积极推进养老保险顶层设计研究,形成养老保险改革总体方案、职工基础养老金全国统筹方案等成果。

2015年8月23日,国务院正式发布了《基本养老保险基金投资管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)。但《中国经营报》记者获悉,由于各级养老保险基金需要进行省级统筹,涉及金融、市县权力等地方利益问题,因而很难短期实现统筹。

《办法》第十三条规定:“省、自治区、直辖市人民政府作为养老基金委托投资的委托人,可指定省级社会保险行政部门、财政部门承办具体事务。”委托人“制定养老基金归集办法,将投资运营的养老基金归集到省级社会保障基金财政专户”。

数据显示,城镇职工基本养老保险的可支付月数近两年都在下降。可支付月数反映了基金未来的压力。

但是在这样一种情况下,基金财务状况的地区差异仍然显著。我们可以看到当期结余情况,广东省当期结余770多亿元,黑龙江累计结余面临巨大挑战,可以备付的月数为3.77,排名第一的是广东,可备付月数为50.68。

此外,目前,城乡居民基本养老保险基金运行前景不容乐观。财政补贴占了64.85%,也就是说近三分之二是来自财政补贴,个人的缴费只有28.83%。

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