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多国出新规防无人机“黑飞” 德:要考“驾照”(图)

2017-06-06 14:01:17   环球时报

据俄罗斯国际文传电讯社报道,一名中国人日前在俄托木斯克市中心玩无人机,放飞约15米高,尽管没造成什么危害,仍被检察机关查扣,处以3000卢布罚款。报道称,虽然俄交管部门出台了领空使用管理法规,要求无人机的使用必须登记等,但管理部门对多大型号的无人机需要登记说法并不统一。而执法部门的处理方式要么是睁一只眼闭一只眼,要么是罚几千卢布了事。

据悉,该无人机引导性系统项目将在2017年底前研制出来,然后在俄地理信息系统发展水平与程度最高的联邦主体之一巴什科尔托斯坦共和国进行试验,接着在全俄推广。由于这是一个大项目,未来俄航天署、俄罗斯电信以及格罗纳斯导航系统将通力合作。

美国无人机管理争议大

和俄罗斯的想法类似,英国也打算推出一套无人机飞行管理系统。根据规划,英国有可能在所有新无人机上装载同一款能发送GPS信号的芯片,方便当局追踪使用者,而威胁到普通客机飞行的无人机操作员将面临5年牢狱之灾。

在英国,无人机“黑飞”问题越来越令政府头痛。伯明翰大学的跟踪调查发现,2014年,英国发生无人机违规使用投诉283宗,去年这一数字飙升至3456宗,相当于每天10起。去年8月,英格兰某地警方接到投诉称,一名正在享受日光浴的女孩遭邻居用无人机偷窥。英国地方政府的报告称,盗贼时常利用无人机查看某个住所是否有人、是否亮灯等。此外,英国在2016年发生了59宗无人机差点和其他飞行器相撞的事故,远远超过2014年的6宗。

为阻止问题蔓延,英国还计划效仿美国对无人机实行实名注册。在航空机构的共同努力下,英国民用航空管理局和国家空中交通管制服务部门还发布了名为DroneAssist的网络应用程序,帮助消费级和商用无人机的驾驶员遵守英国的无人机法律。与此同时,英国国防部正在研发反无人机武器系统——一款新型防空激光武器。该技术会用来对抗无人机,但需要5到10年时间完善。

整体看,相比学习对象美国,英国对无人机的管理相对宽松。这从美国有关部门出于安全因素,不允许谷歌、亚马逊等公司使用无人机做远距离投送即可看出。今年3月,亚马逊在美国完成首次无人机包裹快递展示,而它在英国的测试和实践去年底就完成了。

美国早在2015年底就实行无人机实名登记制,但直到去年6月,美国民航局(FAA)才推出首部管理规则,即第107条规则。该规则针对25千克以下的“非娱乐用无人机”:须在操控者视线范围内,不能使用无人机自带摄像头查看周围;操控者须年满16周岁;只可在白天或有充足光照的傍晚驾驶;飞行最大地面速度是161千米/小时,最高122米。

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