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卡外交“塌方”:沙特立威,伊朗受益,美国闹心

2017-06-06 09:58:49   澎湃

断交危机带来多维度影响

中东地区发生如此大规模的断交危机,将造成多方面的影响:

一是影响海合会粘合度。在全球化和地区一体化的时代潮流下,中东地区却仍旧处于碎片化态势。海合会是中东地区一体化的少有成果之一,沙特、阿联酋和巴林等海合会成员国与卡塔尔断交,将导致海合会内部分裂,分为两个阵营,一方是以沙特为首,包括阿联酋、巴林。另一方是卡塔尔。而科威特和阿曼成为了旁观者。此次断交风波将海合会内部的矛盾公开化,势必会冲击海合会的内部凝聚化进程。

二是对美国中东政策的影响。中东国家突然与卡塔尔断交,对于美国而言是意外事件。特朗普在中东地区前脚刚走,美国的中东盟友互撕,显然是特朗普政府不愿意看到的。因为无论是危机的一方沙特、阿联酋、埃及等,还是另一方卡塔尔,都是美国的中东盟友。且美国的中东司令部位于卡塔尔,美国在中东地区的最大军事基地也在卡塔尔。特朗普上台后的中东政策就是修复并巩固与中东盟友的关系。面对联盟内部的内斗,必然会稀释特朗普政府重新聚拢盟友的努力。盟友内部的稳定性下降,也会削弱美国在中东地区的盟友体系。

三是对中东地区教派斗争的影响。从态势看,此次断交危机的最大域内受益者应该是伊朗。因为卷入此次断交风波的中东国家都可算是与伊朗为敌的国家,反伊朗国家内耗,无疑将会分散或者削弱对付伊朗的精力。并且可以看出,中东地区反伊朗的集团不是铁板一块。逊尼派国家内讧,对伊朗为首的什叶派国家而言,乐见其斗。

四是对国际油价的影响。危机期间,由于对当地原油供应中断的忧虑升温,全球石油价格上升了1.24%,上升至每桶50.57元。

另外,笔者认为此次危机不会对中东地区的反恐造成过大影响。美国是中东地区反恐的主导方,危机显然不会动摇美国反恐的既定目标,沙特等国也会在反恐问题上继续跟随美国。

危机发展势头迅猛但仍可控

对于断交危机的发展趋势,笔者认为来势汹汹,后劲不足。危机烈度不会进一步上升,但鉴于是全方位断交,全面恢复外交关系将会需要一段时间。原因如下:

一是卡塔尔难以单独应对外交危机。所谓一拳难敌四手,卡塔尔在此次外交危机中会忍字当头,不会也没有足够的能力与沙特等国持续对抗,小国劣势暴露无遗。

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