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5日,沙特、巴林、埃及、阿联酋等中东国家先后发表声明与卡塔尔断交,巴林称这是因为卡塔尔媒体“煽动、支持和武装恐怖分子”。随后,阿拉伯联盟也宣布开除卡塔尔,复杂的中东局势再添变数。
在接受《环球时报》采访时,中国社科院西亚非洲研究所殷罡研究员表示,这些国家与卡塔尔断交的真实原因其实是针对伊朗,这是逊尼派的阿拉伯世界跟什叶派伊朗的一场外交前哨战。
为什么断交?双方积怨已久
卡塔尔是一个半岛国家,该国绝大部分领土均被波斯湾围绕,仅其南部疆域与沙特阿拉伯接壤。由于拥有相当丰富的石油和天然气资源,其人均GDP高达7万多美元。中国社会科学院西亚非洲所王京烈教授告诉《环球时报》,正因如此,卡塔尔不安于小国的地位,常在一些问题上充当“调解人”的角色,想要发挥更大作用。王京烈表示,卡塔尔扩大自身影响力的手段之一就是开办半岛电视台,“半岛电视台完全是参照西方媒体的模式来运营的。”
巴林的断交理由中直接提到“卡塔尔媒体”,其实,阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯等国自5月24日起就开始屏蔽卡塔尔媒体了。事件的起因是卡塔尔新闻社援引国家元首卡塔尔埃米尔在一场军方庆典上的讲话,他表示伊朗是“不容忽视的伊斯兰强国”,并且“对伊朗怀有敌意是不智的”。消息传出,立刻让整个中东哗然。沙特媒体指责卡塔尔站到了“敌人”的一边。虽然卡塔尔政府通讯办公室主任表示,这是因为网站“遭到了不明实体的黑客入侵”,但在王京烈看来,由于没有办法去核查这些事情,沙特等国显然不太相信是黑客所为。
▲卡塔尔新闻社转发卡塔尔外交部声明截图
中国社科院西亚非洲研究所殷罡研究员认为,除了媒体因素,沙特等国和卡塔尔积怨已久,他们在很多问题上都尖锐对立。“在伊拉克战争后,萨达姆垮台,巴勒斯坦的哈马斯失去财源倒向伊朗,这让沙特、埃及等国家非常愤怒;‘阿拉伯之春’期间,卡塔尔半岛电视台竭尽全力地在阿拉伯世界鼓吹革命,这也引起了阿拉伯国家的极度反感;在利比亚战争期间,卡塔尔是煽动在利比亚设立禁飞区的最主要力量,并且派战机参战;在巴林内战期间,沙特等国都是帮助巴林王室维持政权,但卡塔尔却说三道四;也门内战期间,卡塔尔表面上比较中立,但实际上跟伊朗有一定程度的配合。”
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