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美在南海“自由”航行不止一次了 这次又是为了啥?

2017-05-28 07:46:46   瞭望智库

实际上,这段话还刻意模糊了商业航行和军事活动之间的差异。其实,老布什政府在一份文件中早已揭示“航行自由”计划的黩武特征:“航行自由”计划目的就是“保持美国军事力量全球机动的畅通”。

海军军事学术研究所研究员张军社曾经这样阐述“航行自由”的实质:美国所实施的所谓“航行自由”,实际上是以美国标准、依靠强大的海上军事力量,对其他国家在领海、专属经济区、群岛海峡等内水水域的主权、管辖权进行挑战挑衅,是违反国际法特别是《联合国海洋法公约》的行为。

美国官方文件显示,在过去几十年中,美国几乎每年都要针对几十个国家实施所谓“航行自由”计划。如今在南海,每年10万多艘各国船只安全自由通过南海地区,没有任何问题。但美军的活动却使南海失去了往日的和平与安宁,加剧了这一地区的紧张局势。对南海航行自由真正构成威胁的不是中国,而恰恰是美国自己。

美济礁(图片来源于网络)

然而,美军这种所谓的“航行自由”行动也有碰壁的时候。1988年2月,美国海军第六舰队派出巡洋舰和驱逐舰各1艘驶入黑海,执行“航行自由计划军事宣示行动”,以挑战苏联制定的外方军舰无权在苏联领海实施“无害通过”的主张。当美国军舰进入苏联克里米亚半岛12海里领海水域后,苏联黑海舰队派出比美舰小得多的护卫舰和警戒舰各1艘前去拦截。在美国军舰声称享有“无害通过权”并继续深入苏联领海的情况下,苏联军舰采取撞船方式捍卫主权,美国军舰在受到损伤后仓皇逃离苏联领海。之后若干年内,美军舰机再也没有侵入苏联或俄罗斯领海的行动。

可见,所谓霸权,也有欺软怕硬、外强中干的特点!

其实,美国在南海的航行和飞越自由从来没有受到过影响,如今却再次以行使所谓“航行自由”之名,进入中国南沙群岛12海里以内海域,完全是以一己私利破坏南海地区和平稳定,违反国际法,理所当然受到中方强烈反对。

此时在南海搞动作背后有深意

在南海问题上,美国国内实际上存在了两条路线:一条是务实路线,另一条是激进路线。

与奥巴马政府不同,特朗普对南海没有“维护规则、秩序和价值观”等方面的原教旨主义兴趣。虽然他在竞选时期多次指责中国,但上台以来,美国在南海的言行都趋向低调。例行演习训练、抵近侦察虽在继续,但曝光度远不如奥巴马时期。

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