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党报评法国大选:当民粹主义进入政治运行会发生啥

2017-05-01 00:33:02   海外网

尽管国际舆论经常把勒庞与特朗普相提并论,但在这一点上,他们的主张,恐怕恰恰是南辕北辙。

勒庞的主张带有较多的“福利民粹主义”色彩,而特朗普的主张则是相当旗帜鲜明的“劳动民粹主义”,这一区别,很可能会成为两人竞选结果与政见经济合理性的分水岭。

破坏

关于“福利民粹主义”对经济与社会发展的破坏性影响,2013年刘鹤(中央财经领导小组办公室主任、国家发改委副主任兼党组副书记)就在其负责的课题研究总结报告《两次全球大危机的比较研究》中作了精炼的表述——“民粹主义承诺改变了大众的福利预期,加大了对政府的依赖,也放松了自己的奋斗决心,是效果极其负面的腐蚀剂。致命问题是,一旦大众的福利预期得不到满足,社会心理很快发生逆转,并形成蔑视权威、拒绝变革和仇视成功者的强烈氛围。与此同时,超出收入能力的过度财政负债和福利主义相应成为一种习惯,这种习惯在政府和民间相互影响,其破坏力在目前的欧债危机中得到充分体现。”

我们已经目睹了在“福利民粹主义”重压之下,西方国家二战后数十年来如何将加班、周日营业等等本属勤劳美德的行为列为不正当竞争、乃至违法行为而大力打压,目睹了希腊等南欧国家如何在“福利民粹主义”的重压之下一步步走向国家破产。

需要指出的是,在勒庞非常强调的非法移民与相关文化冲突、社会分裂、暴恐袭击问题上,过多过滥的社会保障和福利制度,也强有力地激励了外来移民增长及拒绝融入东道国社会。

结构

本来,在劳动力市场上与本土居民竞争时的天然劣势、在一个不熟悉社会生活的困难压力,足以有效遏制外来移民的过度增长,并在无形之中激励他们尽快融入东道国社会;但过多过滥的社会保障和福利制度削弱、消除了上述无形屏障,从以下几个方面直接间接地激励了外来移民增长及拒绝与东道国社会融合,二战以来的西方社会、特别是西欧社会堪称典型范例。

正是社会保障和福利制度的所谓“发展完善”,激励了独身、离婚、同性恋、丁克等生活方式,成为二战之后西方社会上述生活方式从社会边缘成为“时尚”的最强大推动力量,传统家庭结构遭遇前所未有的挑战,生育率大大下降,人口结构加速老龄化。

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