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美国专家:美欧日不愿承认中国市场经济地位违背承诺

2016-12-11 08:03:22   人民日报

日本丸红株式会社市场业务部中国组负责人成玉麟认为,中国通过近40年的改革开放,逐渐从计划经济转向市场经济,取得的成绩世界公认。就连世界银行在其网页的中国概况描述栏中也陈述道,中国已从中央计划经济体转向了市场经济体。数据显示,2015年中国超过97%的商品和服务价格是由市场决定的。非公有制经济在国内生产总值中所占比重超过60%,已高于国有经济的比重。今年1月—11月,中国民营企业出口占全国外贸出口的46.1%。中国对外出口货物总贸易额中,大部分出口价格主要是由非公企业按国际市场价格来决定的。中国最近几年还大幅扩大了对外开放的投资领域。日本不承认中国市场经济国家的地位,是贸易保护主义的新动作。

丹麦《贝林时报》评论认为,中国加入世贸组织15年来,市场经济地位一直得不到欧盟等承认。欧洲部分国家和企业希望维持现状,将经济问题政治化。中国“非市场经济”地位与其作为一个全球主要经济体和重要参与者的角色极不相符。

早在2005年,澳大利亚、韩国就承认了中国的市场经济地位,并从中切实获益。澳大利亚商务论坛首席执行官雷·埃文斯在接受本报记者采访时说,澳中两国贸易额实现飞速增长,中国已成为澳大利亚最大的贸易伙伴,澳大利亚诸多行业从这种强大的伙伴关系中受益。

“世界上任何一个国家都无法忽视中国市场,其发展也离不开中国。”韩国成均馆大学中国大学院金融学教授安玉花告诉本报记者,如果拒不承认中国的市场经济地位,不仅将影响双边经贸关系,也会对世界经济带来不良影响,可谓两败俱伤。

一些世贸组织成员违背国际贸易规则将得不偿失

欧盟准备在原本协商议定的12月11日之后以“市场扭曲”的概念和标准继续在反倾销调查中采取“替代国”做法,比利时范贝尔—贝利斯律师事务所合伙人让—弗朗索瓦·贝利斯对记者表示,这种出于政治目的的做法“明显违背国际法和国际贸易规则的精神”。

贝利斯认为,欧盟的做法完全出于“一己私利”:欧盟产业竞争优势正在不断下滑,而作为欧盟第二大贸易伙伴,中国进入欧盟的产品已涉及各个领域。对于欧盟来说,尤其是欧盟区域内相关行业的从业人员来说,承认中国市场经济地位意味着中国产品将更大量地涌入欧盟市场,这可能会使他们处境变得更加艰难。因此,他们更倾向于升级贸易保护体系来保护自己眼前的利益,却没有看到这一举措给提升自身行业竞争力和推动区域内经济增长带来的威胁。这种“短视”行为其实就是贸易保护主义,“欧盟害怕失去‘替代国’条款。尤其是那些受这一机制保护的领域,例如钢铁行业”。

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