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我的爷爷耀先中将:新中国第一代歼击机飞行员

2017-05-04 14:10:37   

有一次,耀先驾驶的米格-15起飞刚抬前轮时,发现座舱盖已脱轨并卡在他的左肩上。他便立即收油门停止起飞,座舱盖才没有脱落,避免了机毁人亡的重大事故。

反螺旋气动惯性旋转一直是飞行员未知的领域,由于没有成熟的改出方法,20世纪60年代空军改装歼-6训练经常发生“螺旋”事故因为这种飞机小速度飞行时的安定性较差,只要飞行员在操纵上出点偏差就很容易进入失速螺旋,而且还不容易改出,这个问题不解决不仅不能保证飞行安全,而且严重影响了部队的飞行训练。特别是看到由此牺牲的飞行员,耀先深切地感到自己有责任打掉这个训练中的拦路虎,取得飞行安全的主动权。

1976年下半年,耀先在北京军区空军组织“螺旋”试飞班,重点解决飞行安全中的难题。他报请上级同意挑选技术骨干组织了一个精干的班子,在河北省遵化机场开训了。有一天,师长张景芬驾驶歼-6飞机试飞,耀先在机场塔台亲自担任飞行指挥员。当耀先看到张师长的飞机下降应改出螺旋的高度时,就拿着话筒对他说:“你应改出了。”张回答说:“我改不出来!”耀先用肯定的口气说:“你用最强的方法”(即把驾杆推到头再往回拉杆。)果然,张师长高兴地向耀司令员报告“我改出来了。”原来张师长飞行时意外进入反螺旋,按照苏联教材规定用拉杆的方法改出,结果越拉杆飞机旋转的越快而改不出来。当时,张师长的心情紧张,已经想到了跳伞,只是因为飞机负荷大,头已顶在座舱盖上没法抓住跳伞把手。当他听到耀司令员的指挥声音时,立即把驾驶杆往前一推飞机上停止了旋转。他欣喜若狂地驾驶飞机安全落地后,多次对同伴说:“耀司令员是我的救命恩人!”

为了从理论上探讨这个飞行训练中的难题,耀先请专家们参与研究论证,发现苏联教材中讲的:“当飞机进入反螺旋后,首先是拉杆待飞机进入正螺旋后再按规定的‘蹬反舵推杆'改出。”经过“螺旋”试飞班的实践和理论分析,得出正确的结论是:“当判断飞机进入了反螺旋时,应当‘放平舵向前推杆'就能顺利改出。”问题找到了,理论上明白了,还要不要继续组织“螺旋"试飞?耀先说当时自己思想也有个斗争,继续飞吧的确担风险,不飞半途而废,有损于空军的飞行事业。他毅然排除众异,果断决定继续试飞,终于圆满地完成了试飞任务,摸索出了歼-6反螺旋的飞行规律,并培训出一批歼-6螺旋训练教员,为空军飞行训练作出了应有贡献。

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