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唯一一位把解放军三个最高军职全当遍的元帅是谁?

2016-12-29 15:16:26   吕春

这所学校的校长段保芳,是阎锡山直接委派的,治校偏于保守,不准新思想的传播。徐向前讲的这些,自然传到了校长的耳朵里,遭到校长干涉,发生争执。结果他又一次被学校辞退了。

徐向前气愤之下,冒着风雪跑到太原自谋生路,适逢孙中山在广州创办黄埔军校,张榜招生。徐向前喜出望外,约了几个同乡,凑了点路费,由太原一个郭姓军官介绍,乘火车南下上海参加考试。不久又前往广州参加复试,结果徐向前和同来的十几个同乡全部录取。徐向前踌躇满志,踏上了黄埔岛,被编入黄埔军校第一队,从此开始了戎马生涯。

人如名,越是硬仗越向前

徐向前是一位举世瞩目的将才,他戎马一生,战功卓著,为新中国解放事业立下了不朽的功勋。

徐向前外表温文尔雅,头一次见面,不熟悉之人往往认为他有些腼腆木讷。实际上,徐向前的内心刚烈无比,他的军事指挥风格与其外表恰成鲜明对比。在广州起义和海陆丰的艰苦战斗中,他锻炼出非凡的勇气和丰富的作战经验。他刚到鄂豫皖任副师长时,原师长已牺牲,部队也只有黄麻起义后留下的300多名农民战士。头一次带队上阵,敌人的机枪扫过来,没经验的战士都趴在地上不敢抬头,徐向前却站在那里岿然不动,就此在部队中树立起威信。

每次战斗,徐向前总是冲锋在前,哪里战斗激烈,他就拿着驳壳枪出现在哪里。曾任红四方面军第三十军政委的李先念回忆说:“向前具有惊人的军事胆略,从不知恐惧为何物。越是大仗、硬仗、恶仗来临,他越是生龙活虎,精神百倍。”红四方面军善打硬仗、恶仗,是与徐向前的指挥风格分不开的。

徐向前的这股硬劲,在1948年的临汾战役中体现得更加淋漓尽致。他根据解放军炮火不强、城坚难摧的情况,决定采用“土行孙战法”,依靠坑道爆破解决战斗。当部队以土工作业逼近主城墙时,敌人用一切手段对此进行破坏。解放军共挖掘爆破坑道十五条,掩护坑道四十余条,除去被敌人破坏部分外,最后只有三条坑道能挖至城墙下,部队伤亡很大。关键时刻,徐向前号召“要坚持最后五分钟”,他对部下说:“就是胡子白了,也要打下临汾!”总攻时,两条坑道内所装一万八千斤炸药同时点火,将厚厚的城墙炸开两个五十多米宽的口子,八纵二十三旅首先突入城内,战后被命名为“临汾旅”。此役为解放战争中最为典型的坑道爆破攻城战术。

徐向前善于带兵,特别是能在短期内将素质较差的地方部队整训成劲旅。他到鄂豫皖才两年多,便把300多人的农民武装发展成有4万人的红四方面军。1947年,刘邓大军南下后,徐向前将晋冀鲁豫地方部队集中起来,编成华北第一兵团。在攻克临汾后,徐向前又以6万之众横扫晋中,采取包抄围攻、灵活机动的战术,把阎锡山的精锐野战兵团大部歼灭,其中包括由日本人组成的暂编第十总队(抗战结束后,阎锡山收编了不少日本军人),头目元泉馨(起中文名原泉福)少将被击毙。这些鬼子一听到徐向前的名字就胆战心惊。追击时,解放军战士冲进一间挤满日本兵的屋子,为首的日本军官拦上来问:“你的太君的徐向前?”战士大声说:“是的。”日本军官转头一声呼叫,满屋的敌人立刻缴械投降。

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