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1938年毛泽东与哪位国民政府要员促膝长谈通宵达旦
随着对中国共产党认识的转变和赴延安一探究竟愿望的加深,梁漱溟开始计划访问延安。1937年底,国共关系刚刚有所缓和,梁漱溟就先于其他民主人士向国民党当局提出考察西北的要求。在共产党的帮助下,经国共双方协调,1938年初,时任国民政府国防最高会议参议员的梁漱溟前往西安。“这次到西安,算是奉命的。但我目的地实是延安。”(《梁漱溟全集》第6卷,第192页。)梁漱溟访问延安,为期18天。他此行带有两个动机,即实地考察和意见交换。“其一所谓考察者,不是考察别的,是专为考察共产党的转变如何;其二所谓交换意见者,不是交换旁的意见,是专为求得国家进一步的统一,而向中共负责人交换意见。”(全国政协文史和学习委员会编《梁漱溟回忆录》,中国文史出版社2012年版,第178页。)并且,他坦言道:“若论其意绪动机,则蕴蓄已久。”(全国政协文史和学习委员会编《梁漱溟回忆录》,第177页。)梁漱溟此次访问延安的第一个动机为“看”,想通过实地考察来探清中国共产党的现状,弄清楚中共的转变,是真转变还是假转变。为此,他参观了陕甘宁边区政府、党部、机关、学校,考察了边区的土地改革、民主选举制度,学生、妇女组织,等等。参观过程中对梁漱溟触动最大的是,与国民党统治区域不同,边区“人与人之间情趣增加,精神上互为感召流通”(全国政协文史和学习委员会编《梁漱溟回忆录》,第179页。)。并且,“在极苦的物质环境中,那里的气象确是活泼,精神确是发扬”(《梁漱溟全集》第6卷,第194页。)。梁漱溟访问延安的第二个动机为“谈”,就如何实现团结抗日和国家统一的问题询问中国共产党主要领导人的意见。在访问延安期间,梁漱溟多次与毛泽东、张闻天、任弼时等中共领导人进行了深入交谈。其中,梁漱溟与毛泽东“交换意见”次数最多、时间最长。他后来回忆道:“在延安谈话最多的是毛泽东先生。前后共谈八次。有两次不重要,一是他设宴招待的一次,又一次是临走之前,他来送行。其余六次,每次时间多半很长,至少亦两个钟头。最长者,就是通宵达旦。——这样有两次。”(《毛泽东年谱(1893—1949)》(修订本)中卷,中央文献出版社2013年版,第49页。)
二、梁漱溟与毛泽东的六次“交换意见”
毛泽东与梁漱溟20年前就相识于北大,可谓既有师生之情,又有同事之谊,彼此也相互敬重,二人“交换意见”也都是开诚布公的。在会面时,梁漱溟特意携带《乡村建设理论》等数本著作赠予毛泽东。据梁漱溟回忆,交谈过程中毛泽东“不落俗套,没有矫饰,从容,自然,而亲切,彼此虽有争辩,而心里没有不舒服之感”(《梁漱溟全集》第6卷,第198页。),“在谈话结束之后,我就是在通宵的长谈之后,怀着这样的舒畅心情,退出他的住室”(张希贤等:《毛泽东在延安》,警官教育出版社1993年版,第266页。)。
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