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冷战不“冷”:拉美“秃鹰”在美国首都搞恐怖袭击

2016-12-27 14:27:14   张琨

面对智利左派在境外展开的外交游击二合一的策略,皮诺切特政府很是恼火。一开始他称其为“鞋子里的石子”,虽然不会给军事政府带来致命的打击,但终究给他们带来了很多麻烦。然而,1975年DINA对富恩德(Fuente)和桑杜切(Santuche)的成功抓捕使皮诺切特意识到了左派力量的壮大,这坚定了他铲除他们的决心。另外,由于当时军事政府内部除DINA之外还存在着不同的情报部门,为了进一步加强其嫡系的实力并达到彻底掌控政府的目的,皮诺切特以及麾下的DINA也决心利用这一次千载难逢的机会,师出有名地建立一张布满整个南美的情报网络,从而进一步扩充自身的实力。

1975年8月在南锥体几个国家情报部门的例行集会上,智利的孔特雷拉斯提出了建立一个联合情报组织的建议。这个想法很快得到了大多数拉美军事独裁国家的响应。1975年的11月25日,在首都圣地亚哥,智利、乌拉圭、玻利维亚、阿根廷与巴拉圭各个情报部门的首领齐聚一堂,正式签署了有关“情报和行动合作”的协议。出于对发起者智利的敬意,参加此次会议的乌拉圭上校将这一联合行动称为“秃鹰”——以对应智利国徽中的安第斯山鹰。

“秃鹰行动”的诞生为拉美各军事独裁国家提供了两方面的便利。首先,横跨会员国之间的大型数据库的建立,极大方便了各个军事政府通过情报信息的共享来知晓并监视政治异见分子的秘密活动。为了方便各类数据的储存和传输,孔特雷拉斯在中央情报局的帮助下从美国引进了大型的计算机,并将相关人员与行动的报告全部数据化。除此之外,他们还在参与国之间设立了先进的电传机设备,按照从1到5的编号代表不同的国家(1代表智利,2代表阿根廷,3代表乌拉圭,4代表巴拉圭,5代表玻利维亚。后续加入的巴西、厄瓜多尔和秘鲁则编号6至8),以方便情报的交流与沟通。其次,通过“秃鹰”的提前安排,各国之间的情报成员前往行动成员国执行任务时,不仅可以免受海关和安全部门的盘查,而且还能得到当地情报部门的支持配合并享有外交人员才应享有的外交豁免权。在这一系列的准备工作妥当后,“秃鹰”张开了自己的利爪,跃跃欲试地开始了“捕食”自己目标的行动。

“秃鹰”在行动

在秃鹰计划提供的种种便利条件之下,智利“国家情报局”便开始了进一步的清洗活动。首先进入他们视线的便是原“左派革命运动”领导人米盖尔·恩里克斯(MiguelEnriquez)。1975年8月,在布宜诺斯艾利斯的住宅中与下属进行秘密集会的恩里克斯被阿根廷的军警包围。虽然当时恩里克斯通过暗门成功逃脱,但两天后还是在附近一片玉米地里被相关的情报部门抓获并被解压回了智利。情报局对其进行了数天的拷问却没有得到多少有利的信息,于是将他秘密枪决。恩利克斯被捕之后,滞留在布宜诺斯艾利斯的乌拉圭乌拉圭左派领导人怀特劳(Whitelaw)、赫克托·古铁雷斯(HectorGuitierrez)等人前去寻求乌拉圭原议员泽尔马·米盖利(ZelmarMichelili)的帮助,希望通过古巴大使馆离开这片是非之地。然而出人意料的是,在这几人会面的三天后,人们在一座桥下遗弃的汽车中发现了他们的尸体。“秃鹰”不仅成功地暗杀了游击队的高层领袖,甚至将原本打算协助他们逃离的人也一同清除了。毫无疑问,这场清洗行动给在阿根廷的各国流亡团体带来了极大的恐慌。与此同时,在巴西、乌拉圭、玻利维亚、巴拉圭和委内瑞拉,“秃鹰行动”还策划并实施了一系列针对左派人士的绑架与暗杀活动。

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