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毛泽东心系海军建设:我们一定要建立强大的海军

2016-12-26 08:57:52   

“为了反对帝国主义的侵略,我们一定要建立强大的海军”

1950年元旦,毛泽东为《人民海军报》创刊号题词:“我们一定要建立一支海军,这支海军要能保卫我们的海防,有效地防御帝国主义的可能的侵略。”

1953年2月,毛泽东视察中国人民解放军海军洛阳舰

1953年初,中央决定在6月召开全国经济工作会议,总结前4年的经济工作,提出第一个五年计划。为了切实掌握全国的经济形势,毛泽东决定到长江腹地的武汉至南京地段进行沿江考察,并听取湖北、江西、安徽和江苏四省相关省市领导的工作汇报和意见建议。毛泽东提出:“走水路,可乘军舰去。”这样还可以考察海军建设。

经过军地多部门协调,最终华东军区海军“长江”号军舰承担了这一重要任务,成为毛泽东的座舰。华东军区海军洛阳舰担任护航和备用任务。两舰为了执行这一光荣使命,进行了周密准备,考察调整了随舰人员,整理了舰容舰貌,补充了燃油和淡水,并且卸下了所有的弹药,以确保安全。两舰2月14日从上海起航,于17日准时抵达汉口码头等待毛泽东一行登舰。

1953年2月,毛泽东与长江舰海军官兵合影

2月19日上午11时许,毛泽东在其他中央首长的陪同下,健步登上长江舰,开始了这次著名的长江考察之旅。航行期间,毛泽东兴致颇高地把全舰走了一遍,登上了驾驶室观看水兵操舰,到各个部门了解战士们的生活和学习情况,到各个战位了解各种武器装备的作战性能,到厨房了解战士们的伙食情况,还到闷热喧闹的机舱了解舰船动力情况。其间,毛泽东深情地对水兵们讲:“100多年来,帝国主义侵略中国大都是从海上来的。我们的海岸线这么长,必须要建立强大的海军。过去我们没有空军,也没有海军,现在已经有了飞机、有了军舰,虽然现在我们的海军还不够强大,但只要我们大家一起努力干,经过第一个五年计划、第二个五年计划,不行,再来一个百年计划,到那时我们就有自己先进的军舰。”

2月20日凌晨3时,两舰到达江西省九江市码头,毛泽东同大家一起走进舰上的会议室。见舱壁上挂着华东军区副政委谭震林书写的“为太平洋和平而奋斗”的题词,毛泽东教育大家说:“现在太平洋不太平,帝国主义还欺负我们。我们的海军强大了,太平洋就可能太平。”他还说:“干海军就应当爱军舰、爱海岛、爱海洋。”这句话成为海军教育的核心理念被传颂至今。

面对近在咫尺的共和国领袖,两舰官兵激动万分,大胆提出想请毛泽东为本舰题词。毛泽东欣然应允,但并没有马上动笔。经过认真思考并参考随行人员意见后,毛泽东在2月21日分别为长江舰和洛阳舰挥笔写下了:“为了反对帝国主义的侵略,我们要建立强大的海军。”“为了反对帝国主义的侵略,我们一定要建立强大的海军。”题词极大地鼓舞了两舰官兵乃至全海军官兵建设强大海军的信心和决心。这种鼓舞一直持续至今,成为海军最宝贵的精神财富。

除了邀请毛泽东题词,两舰官兵还提出了和毛泽东合影留念的要求。毛泽东同样高兴地说:“好嘛,同舟共济好多天,应该合个影。”2月21日上午9时,合影准时开始。官兵们簇拥在毛泽东周围,留下了人民海军历史上最著名的合影照片。

航行期间,毛泽东提出想看看海军最大的舰艇和最新的装备。为此,海军紧急从第六舰队和第五舰队调来2艘较大的护卫舰南昌舰和广州舰、1艘登陆舰黄河舰、2艘较新式的鱼雷快艇。

22日凌晨3时,长江舰和洛阳舰停靠南京下关的中山码头。早晨4时许,毛泽东离开军舰,乘车前往南京视察。2月24日的中午,毛泽东冒着风雨来到下关中山码头,视察海军抽调过来的受阅舰艇。毛泽东仔细观看了广州舰、南昌舰的水兵操炮演练,观看了江面上101号和104号两艘鱼雷艇的高速航行演练,十分高兴。后来,应上述几艘舰艇官兵的要求,毛泽东再次题写了3幅题词,内容和格式与长江舰和洛阳舰相近。

此次搭乘海军舰艇巡阅长江沿线之旅,不仅使毛泽东快速而深入地考察了沿线省份的经济建设情况,也使他了解了海军建设的基本情况以及面临的各种问题,为以后制定相关战略和政策提供了第一手资料。

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