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杨虎城指挥反围城:被称地位不亚于列宁格勒保卫战

2016-12-22 15:19:41   韩秀峰

说起来,那已经是很久以前的事了,距今已经整整90年了。

军阀混战时期的1926年春,曾在陕西作恶多端多年的河南军阀刘振华,在吴佩孚、张作霖的支持下,纠集十万镇嵩军闯入陕西,企图再次统治陕西。镇嵩军“就地征发”饷糈,所过之处,生灵涂炭,陕西东路各县人民惨遭劫掠。

刘振华4月开始进攻西安,西安军民在杨虎城、李虎臣的率领下拼死坚守,抗击着十倍于己的敌人。

西安保卫战开始后,城内已陷危境,但陕军依然坚守,打胜了东关地道战,小雁塔争夺战,西北城外大白杨、潘家村的突围战,东北城角之战。镇嵩军死伤惨重,强攻、爆破、挖地道,飞机轰炸,手段用尽,依然一筹莫展。刘镇华攻城不开,就企图围死西安城,镇嵩军沿城周挖壕35公里,壕后筑土墙,架设大炮隔绝内外。又纵火烧毁城外十万亩麦田,使城中断粮。守城后期,城内所有能吃的东西都被吃光了,军民挖野菜、剥树皮、餐油渣、咽糠麸,进而煮皮带、吃药材、屠狗杀马、挖鼠罗雀,甚至发生相食死尸惨剧。城内除了原先的居民,还有逃难拥来的八九万难民,每天饿死病死的人不计其数,无法安葬,天气又热,瘟疫横行,城内哭声震天,但始终没有人投降。

有描写当时情况的两段文字,是亲历围城之役的人所写:“城中死尸,到处可见,收埋稍迟,则犬来啮之,甚至有饿至难忍而食人尸者”“11月12日,风雪连天,白昼若晦,全城几断人影,是日遂以死二千人传矣。越日,余往各处视之,见屋檐之下,倒毙无数,大道之中,横陈多尸。披乱麻布者有焉,拥旧棉絮者有焉,穿破夹衣者有焉,此服色之不一也。有口含油渣而尚未咽下者,有突然倒地作欲起之势者,有若彼此互抱而取暖者,有蜷曲于乱草之中,状若安睡者,此死相之不一也。其中男子最多,妇人最少;老者最多;幼者最少;劳工最多,此人色之不一也。余观至此,几疑此身已入饿鬼地狱中”。

……

直到11月中旬,冯玉祥向西安发起全面总攻,西安城内守军配合出击,里应外合。11月28日,被围困了八月之久的西安城终于向世界打开了城门……

在围城期间,在枪林弹雨和饥寒交迫中,西安城内军民死亡达5万之众。

西安“八月围城”因为杨虎城、李虎臣的名字,时称“二虎守长安”。八个月中,西安军民守的绝不是一座千年的城池,而是一种精神,一种足以与千古帝都同样不朽的精神!

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