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历史教训:“老百姓”一词曾是国民党军队的骂人话

2016-12-13 11:44:37   新华每日电讯

后来王鼎钧去台湾后,一直在反思“老百姓”这个问题。他认为那时国军士兵所受的训练,要把“兵”从百姓中分化出来,与百姓对立,以百姓为耻,“这样的军队怎么可能得到百姓支持?”去台湾之初,王鼎钧以卖文为生,他不吐不快,给具有军方背景的《扫荡报》副刊写了一篇文章,直陈军中不可把“老百姓”当做骂人的话使用。

这篇文章起了一定作用,他回忆说:“忘记过了多久,政府通令全军,彻底废除‘老百姓’一语。当然不会是根据我的意见,我想文章既然登在报上,而且是军方的日报,军方有人看过,反映到决策阶层。”

“老百姓”居然成了国民党军队的骂人话,可见当时军民关系之恶劣。

史载,1941年6月,蒋介石曾严厉责备第三战区司令长官顾祝同:“第三战区之军风纪可谓扫地殆尽,兄其知之乎?中初以为战败溃乱一时之现状,故未加深究,不料至今闽浙各地之国军仍到处扰乱抢劫,其所有行动之恶劣诚出乎梦想所不及者。此兄平时治军不认真不严肃,而乃有此不可收拾之一日。”还有记载说,1943年,刘峙转任第五战区司令长官后,长官部四周的农民更是“大遭其殃,花、果、菜蔬时为官兵强取而去,例不给值。农人有来诉苦的,长官部里的人却说,我们一向是这样的。军人为国抗战,难道吃点水果、菜蔬,还要花钱买?”

抗战时期,国民党政府可以用民族主义来凝聚民心与军心,虽然民生问题一直处于危机边缘,但在大是大非的民族问题面前,暂时退居到从属地位。抗战期间,老百姓支持国军抗战的感人故事,比比皆是。抗战胜利后,国民党无论从政府还是军队,都没有想到去改善与老百姓的关系,尤其是部队以胜利者自居,军纪败坏,荼毒地方,更是使军民关系彻底走向恶化。

众所周知,抗战胜利后国民党政府派往沦陷区的接收大员,有“五子登科”之称。王鼎钧在《关山夺路》一书中,则回忆了当年东北老百姓给国军军队取的另一个外号:“五强”。

“五强”,本来是个荣誉称呼,二战结束后,美英苏并称三强,加上法国和中国,合称五强。当时在中国,“五强”常常挂在要人的嘴边,嵌在报纸的大字标题里。但这个词后来变味了,成为讽刺国军强买、强卖、强借、强住、强娶的“五强”作风。

王鼎钧是一名宪兵,干的是维护军纪的事,他在东北期间,耳闻目睹各种怪现状。比如,一个保安团长在沈阳铁西区弄到一栋房子,有了房子就得布置家具,他的副官带着几个护兵四处寻猎,冲到一个中年商人的客厅,搬走全套设备。这个商人到宪兵队告状,后者派王鼎钧来处理此事。王鼎钧找到了那个保安团长,其实所谓保安团,完全是个野鸡机构,但这个保安团长,居然任由一个宪兵立正站在客厅里,不理不睬,与朋友一起喝高粱酒吃白肉酸菜火锅,宪兵说话,他装作没有听见。王鼎钧火大了,保安团长火更大,站起来斥责他目无长官:“你给我回去,叫你们连长来!”王鼎钧发誓要把家具给追回来,不断给上级部门写信反映情况,言辞越来越激烈,过了一个月,家具给还回来了。王鼎钧因此赢得一些名气,不断收到市民信访,都是申诉军人“五强”作风的,信末写着“谨呈上等兵王”。王鼎钧还有些高兴,但把这些信访件拿给宪兵班长看时,班长就两个字:“烧掉”。他在书中写道:“我遵命烧信,心里很痛苦。”

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