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彭德怀认为长征胜利第一靠红军忠勇:第二靠什么?

2016-11-08 14:52:27   徐焰

1931年顾顺章在武汉被捕,马上叛变,说蒋介石见我,保证我生命安全。顾顺章还留一手,必须见到蒋介石之后才能说,他搞特务知道这一套,特务把他的东西弄到了之后,杀掉灭口之后是我的功劳,他必须见到蒋介石本人,而且蒋介石保证他生命安全。正因为他发了这么一份电报过来之后,又连发六份电报,被钱壮飞全都译出来了,危及关头挽救了党中央。龙潭三杰的故事大家看一看就知道了,这个就不用细讲了。土地革命诞生中间,中国地下党,红军输送的人员、物资和通讯器材对武装斗争的支援。地下党获取国民党密码,对红军战争起到重大作用。长征万里没有中过埋伏,因为国民党电报密码百分之百被破译出来。彭德怀讲长征胜利是两点,第一是红军的忠勇,第二位是出色的侦察工作。

但是具体行动挽救不了党的总的路线的错误,30年代初期王明、博谷这样留苏的学生回来之后,掌握党中央领导权,后来又派了洋顾问李德,按照苏联模式指挥,这就出现严重问题了。1931年“九一八事变”发生了,日本占了东北,这一下全国闹了起来,蒋介石下令不抵抗,学生当时把南京政府包围了,蒋介石后来不得不出来见一面,他不抵抗,宣布下野了一段时间。下野之后,当政的是孙科、陈铭枢,他们提出跟中共谈判,这时候谈判多好,你把抗日旗帜高举起来。

这时候中共地下党提出口号,武装保卫苏联。中国的土地被占领了,首先提出的口号是武装保卫苏联,老百姓能接受吗?当时来讲领导救亡运动成立一些群众自发的领导,党的组织在这个时候,你自己倒陷入孤立了,这是指导路线的错误。当年来讲,地下党遭到全面破坏,主要是指导思想错误。工作目标不是立足于长期争取群众,盲于暴动,行动上采取“飞行集会”,走哪儿突然撒个传单,喊个口号就走了。组织上建立脱产的庞大机构。当时中宣部或几十人在一个小楼里,干什么呢?完全没有职业掩护,在地下的情况下,建立一个庞大的机构,这不是很容易暴露吗?另外你的口号,盲目按照共产国际指示,脱离本国实际,丧失大多数群众的拥护。最后上海组织连续被破坏,1933年,临时中央在上海无法生存,只好搬到江西。

1934年以后,全国各地整个组织机构都打乱了,零零星星一些党组织、党员存在,剩下什么都没有了。为什么?毛泽东讲,“王明这些人没有起码的马克思主义知识,连老百姓的知识也没有,只知牛头不对马嘴地搬运马克思、列宁、斯大林,搬运共产国际,欺负我党与中国人民对马克思主义的认识水平而残酷剥削”。马克思主义这种东西是少了不行,多了也不行,这批专门搬教条,搞的乌烟瘴气,最后把中央苏区也搞垮了,硬打硬拼这套搬到苏区也不行,损害工商业,打击中农,最后只好长征了。长征路上开了一个遵义会议,实现了思想解放。我们讲二十世纪,中国三次思想解放,五四运动,从封建礼教下解放,遵义会议到延安是以苏联的模式解放,十一届三中全会从迷信下解放。

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