军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China

揭秘:孙中山曾孤注一掷投靠李鸿章 未被接见提携

2016-11-07 15:40:07   

李鸿章不见孙中山最直接的原因是军务繁忙。但这一点也是孙中山最大的不满和不理解。实事求是地说,李鸿章此时真忙得不可开交。是年4月,朝鲜东学党起义爆发,紧接着中日之间为是否派兵前往朝鲜镇压发生持续不断的争执。到了6月初,李鸿章听信袁世凯所谓日本“志在商民,似无他意”的错误判断,决意“遣兵代剿”,令丁汝昌、叶志超等率领军队跨过鸭绿江,出兵朝鲜。

李鸿章的决策正中日本人的圈套,日本遂借机出兵朝鲜,并迫使清政府同意由中日两国共同监督朝鲜改革内政的方案。到了6月下旬,也就是孙中山、陆皓东抵达天津的时候,正是中日交涉最为紧要的关头,中日双方虽然尚未以兵刃相见,但由于利益攸关,战争大有一触即发之势。此后不到一个月,战争就真的爆发了。正是在这种情势下,即便李鸿章借口军务繁忙,拒绝接见孙中山这一平民百姓,似乎也在情理之中。

机缘巧合使李鸿章没有接见提携孙中山,李鸿章的这一失误不仅导致了孙中山由李的崇拜者转变为反对者,更为重要的是,孙中山由此被冷落转而变得对整个体制彻底失望,他由先前真诚地想进入体制谋取发展,转而决绝地要推翻这种体制。他不仅不再相信李鸿章,不再相信清政府,而且不再相信清廷统治者有能力有诚心带领中国继续前进,对于康有为、梁启超同时代人提出的改良维新方案不屑一顾,对于严复所张扬的达尔文进化论和物竞天择、适者生存的丛林法则,孙中山也不再感兴趣。他此后的所有思想所有行动,都集中到一点,那就是要唤醒民众,推翻清政府,推翻这个异族政权,重建汉族人的中国。

孙开始了他“一个人的革命”

基于这种认识,孙中山开始了他“一个人的革命”历程,他先从朋友圈子做起,联络同志,争取同道。1894年11月,他在檀香山组织兴中会,确立“驱逐鞑虏,恢复中国,创立合众政府”的政治诉求。翌年2月,又在香港成立兴中会。并很快就策划武装起义,试图以暴力手段夺取政权,至少是制造政治影响。只是那时清政府虽然面临内外交困的窘境,但其政治统治的合法性还没有受到普遍质疑,特别是清政府在内外压力促动下一次又一次地启动政治变革,也为其政治统治的改善、加强和巩固赢得了机会、赢得了时间,所以孙中山的革命理想很长时间只是一个理想,革命理论也在很长时间只是同志之间信奉的理论,并没有产生全国性的影响,更没有左右中国政治走向的能力。尽管后来的研究将孙中山的革命经历考察得非常详细,但实事求是地说,孙中山的革命思想在1904年之前并没有转化为政治实践的契机和可能。

清政府1901年开始启动新政后,国内的政治管制开始松动,孙中山以暴力手段推翻清政府,重建汉族人的国家这样极端的政治理想几乎没有任何生存的空间。所以在那之后的几年时间,孙中山的主要活动范围实际上一直囿于海外华人和留学生的圈子里。

然而到了1904年,新政的动力在逐渐衰减,清廷面对政治改革“深水区”,一时还拿不定主意是渡过,还是止步。就在这短暂的犹豫徘徊之间,孙中山的革命思想在汉族知识分子中获得了空间和发展机遇,至少一部分汉族知识分子开始相信孙中山的政治判断,相信清廷在涉及自己根本利益,在涉及满洲贵族集团根本利益等问题上,与汉族人还是有区别的,满洲贵族集团永远不可能将包括汉族人在内的全体中国人的利益作为自己的利益。于是汉族人的离心离德开始出现,于是清廷又获得了一股新的改革动力,看来只有进一步加大政治改革的力度,只有自己主动地变,才能摆脱“被革命”、“被推翻”的危险。(马勇 文)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
上一页2/2下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161107/30032366_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/26 07:41:41

Powered by China
China