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梅汝璈:若不严惩战犯 无颜见江东父老惟蹈海而死

2016-11-07 15:13:47   

梅汝璈主张审判裕仁,他在与其他法官交流这个问题时提出,保留天皇制度与起诉裕仁并不矛盾,可以由新天皇即位,同时起诉裕仁。

梅汝璈的主张得到了其他一些法官的支持,日本天皇由此也差一点儿被送上了法庭,只是后来由于麦克阿瑟的庇护,才侥幸逃脱了法律的审判。

东京审判从1946年5月3日开始,至1948年11月12日结束。在1948年3月,最后辩论庭完毕,公开讯审即告了结,法庭闭庭。由十一国法官开始举行秘密的评论会议,衡量双方证据,决定战犯刑处,撰拟判决书,然后定期正式宣判。

在起草判决书时,梅汝璈认为对于日本侵华战争,中国人受害最深,最具发言权,主张日本侵华罪行这部分应由中国人书写。法庭接受了梅汝璈的提议,决定由他负责判决书第四章《日本对华侵略》的起草工作。

这是一项十分重要的工作,当时庭审工作已经结束,各种资料、证据堆积如山,梅汝璈和他的助手竭尽全力,向法庭提交了200多页、长达十余万字的判决书章节,获得了法官会议的认可,为东京审判作出了贡献。

梅汝璈在远东国际军事法庭的另一件壮举就是将土肥原贤二、松井石根、板垣征四郎等对中国犯下了滔天罪行的战争罪犯依法送上了断头台。

在法庭判决阶段,由于各国法律体系以及法官对法律的理解不同,所以在给被告人定罪的问题上存在着严重分歧。

《远东国际军事法庭宪章》也没给庭审提供具体的量刑依据,庭长韦伯主张将战犯们统统流放荒岛,正如对待当年的拿破仑;而印度法官则主张无罪开释全体战犯,理由是“世人需以宽宏、谅解、慈悲为怀,不应该以正义的名义来实施报复”;美英法官支持死刑判决,但他们的注意力主要集中在那些发动太平洋战争和虐待英美战俘的战犯身上,对其他战犯则态度暧昧。

“若不能严惩战犯,决无颜再见江东父老,惟蹈海而死,以谢国人。”面对这种局面,梅汝璈忧心如焚,夜不能寐。他查阅了卷帙浩繁的资料,向法庭提供了有力的证据。例如日军在南京大屠杀中曾采用砍头、挖心、水溺、火烧、砍去四肢、割下生殖器等令人发指的暴行,主张对首恶必须处以极刑。

在梅汝璈的不断交涉、斡旋下,许多法官认同了他的观点,最后通过投票,决定判处7名战争罪犯死刑。

(摘自《“生死权之一票”——远东国际法庭十一国法官素描》《新华每日电讯》2013年5月10日第9版)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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