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揭秘:中共一大代表中的五位“变节落伍者”是谁?

2016-11-07 15:01:06   

1948年,包惠僧带着家眷到了澳门。在澳门,包惠僧一家人靠发放的那点遣散费生活,日子一天不如一天。1949年9月,在去台湾还是去北平,或者留在澳门的问题上,包惠僧犹豫不定。这时,他想到了当年的那几位中共朋友,就给毛泽东写了信,又分别给周恩来、董必武发了电报。大意是祝贺他们建立了新中国,同时也为自己的过去忏悔,要求回北京。经过一个星期的等待,包惠僧收到了中共中央的复电。1949年11月,包惠僧回到北京。周恩来与包惠僧作了长谈,并将他安排到华北人民革命大学学习,后分配到内务部研究室任研究员,不久在国务院参事室任参事。“文革”中,包惠僧受到冲击。1979年7月2日,包惠僧因腹主动脉瘤破裂大量失血而离开人世。

托派分子刘仁静

中共一大闭幕后,刘仁静回到北京。他与邓中夏一道筹备创办了北京社会主义青年团的机关刊物《先驱》。这份杂志在国内小有影响,深受广大青年朋友的喜爱。后来,该刊迁往上海,成为中国社会主义青年团的机关刊物。1922年11月,中共中央决定他随陈独秀赴莫斯科参加共产国际第四次代表大会。因陈独秀不能用外语演说,刘仁静承担了大会发言任务。会上,托洛茨基单独接见了他。这使他受宠若惊,也为他日后对托氏理论产生信仰埋下了伏笔。

1926年,刘仁静受党中央派遣,再度赴莫斯科,进入国际列宁主义学院学习。学习期间,苏共爆发了斯大林与托洛茨基的尖锐斗争。斗争的结果,托洛茨基被开除党籍,并被驱逐出境。得知这一消息后,刘仁静十分震惊,且与托氏产生了思想上的共鸣。1929年4月学习期满后,他没有直接回国,在没有向党中央以任何形式请示的情况下,擅自去土耳其拜访流亡的托洛茨基。不难看出,刘仁静成为了托氏在中国的忠实门徒。1929年8月,刘仁静回到上海,恽代英代表党组织找他谈话,他拒不向党坦白。在多次批评教育无效的情况下,是年12月29日,党中央在《红旗》上刊出《给刘仁静的一封公开信》,限他三日内说清问题。可刘仁静置若罔闻,依然我行我素,最终自行脱党被除名。刘仁静一心要当托派的首领,自称“中国托派天字第一号人物”,在托派组织里搞得乌烟瘴气。

1935年11月,国民党宪兵逮捕了刘仁静,并将其押送到苏州反省院。1937年4月,刘仁静被释放,并通过关系在国民党三青团内谋了一份差事。没多久,他来到西安,在胡宗南的特务训练机关任上校教官。后又去陕西省教育厅任编审,同时担任《正报》的主笔,直至抗战结束。1948年,他跑到南京担任国民党中央政治研究室研究员。

上海解放不久,刘仁静来到北京。刘少奇亲自找到他,严厉地批评了他的错误,责其进行深刻反省。刘仁静终于认识到了自己的错误,决心痛改前非,重新做人。几个月后,他向中共中央递交了《刘仁静声明》,被刊载在1950年12月31日的《人民日报》上。后来,他被安排给苏联专家当翻译,并从事编译工作。

“文化大革命”开始后,刘仁静理所当然地受到了冲击,还一度被关进监狱。后因毛泽东出面保护被放了出来,尔后过起了“隐居”生活。

1981年中国共产党成立60周年时,新华社记者专门采访了唯一健在的中共一大代表刘仁静,并刊发了专稿《访问刘仁静》。文章结尾有一段刘仁静的自述:“共产党对我仁至义尽,不管我犯了多大错误,还是没有抛弃我,给了我生活上的出路。”1986年底,刘仁静被任命为国务院参事室参事。

1987年8月5日清晨,刘仁静在持剑横穿马路口时,被快速行驶的公共汽车撞倒,当场死去。他是中共一大13位代表中最后一个告别人世的。8月12日,有关部门为他举行了遗体告别仪式。其骨灰被安放在八宝山革命公墓。对于一生复杂的刘仁静而言,这应该算是一种无上的荣幸和一种无声的评价吧。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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