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康熙搞暴力拆迁:违者立斩不赦 3天打造沿海无人区

2016-11-04 14:55:48   

就这么着,康熙还嫌“迁”得不彻底。1664年5月,朝廷又称“时以迁民窃出鱼盐、恐其仍通海舶”,下令再次内迁30里。原本不在迁界之内的广东顺德、番禺、南海及海阳居民,又上演了一轮家破人亡、妻离子散的拆迁悲剧。如此一迁、再迁、三迁,才把沿海无人区的界线基本定下来,最远距离有达二三百里者。那时也搞暴力拆迁,大小官员手持“迁界令”,先定下“迁界”的两端,用绳索拉直,作为铁定的界线。一些居民的房屋不幸建在界线上,划界从中间穿过,便被强行拆掉在界内的一半房屋,剩下半边能否住人,官家一概不管。有的还在界线上掘一深沟,以分内外,稍有跨越深沟、“走出界外者”,便是死罪。清廷派来的巡海使者到新会勘界,更以潮水涌至的河面定为划界的标准,竟然“逼城为界”,使得靠近城郭的肥沃田土全部抛荒。今日繁荣兴旺的广东新会环城、礼乐、江门郊区,那时也列入迁徙范围,一派“万户萧疏鬼唱歌”的惨状。

几次迁界,涉及广东28个州县,深入到田庐连片、农工商业发达地区,被迁士民数百万,抛荒田地共531万亩有余。迁徙之民被迫离开故土的时候,扶老携幼,流离载道,行乞街市,饿死病死,不计其数。江门水南诗人黄居石写有《蓰村行》和《哀江门》,描述当时迁界的惨状。其中有这样洒满血泪的句子:“新朝防海不防边,威令雷行刻不延……惊看村前一旗立,迫于王令催徙急。携妻负子出门行,旷野相对啜其泣。孰无坟墓孰无居,故土一旦成丘圩。此身播迁不自保,安望他乡复聚庐。”福建直接与台湾隔海对峙,执行“迁界”令自然首当其冲。福建官府起初以插旗为界,随即建立木栅、篱笆为界,后来划界的标准越来越高,要求也越来越严格。或是挖掘深沟堑壕,或是用泥土高筑隔离墙,再后来索性征发民夫大兴土木,将泥土筑成的隔离墙改筑为具有法律效应的界墙。同时,沿着界墙按一定距离设立寨和墩,五里一墩,十里一寨,建一寨需3000多两银子,建墩的花费约为建寨的一半。这笔银子朝廷不给,逼着当地百姓自掏腰包,“拷掠鞭箠,死于奔命者不知凡几”。寨、墩建成后,墩由5名兵丁把守,寨由6名兵丁把守,禁止百姓越界去海边,凡违规越界者“杀无赦”。该省靠近广东的东山县,迁界时百姓故土难离,牵衣顿足不肯挪步,官军便大开杀戒,当场被屠戮的居民近3万人。《台湾郑氏始末》一书这样记载,康熙三年(1664年)三月初六,清军大队兵船入东山,“尽驱沿海居民入内地,筑墙为界,纵军士大肆淫掠,杀人山积,海水殷然”。《台湾外志》形容:“东山岛上一时人民失业,号泣之声载道,乡井流离颠沛之惨非常,背夫弃子,失父离妻,老稚填于沟壑,骸骨白于荒野。”康熙十九年宣布复界以后,东山百姓返回家园的幸存者十仅二三。

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