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朝鲜战争中,毛泽东考虑出兵还是不出兵的最后底线

2016-11-03 14:57:24   

伟人就是伟人,事实再次证明了毛泽东的英明预见。就在许多人沉浸在胜利喜悦的时候,9月15日,美国当局不顾中国政府的一再警告,公然派兵在朝鲜的仁川登陆,切断了位于朝鲜半岛南部洛东江边的朝鲜人民军主力的退路,朝鲜人民军被迫实行战略退却。与此同时,美军第8集团军和南朝鲜军10个师也转入反攻,并不顾一切地向北推进,把战火烧到了中国的东北边境,美国空军在中国边境领空盘旋;美国的炸弹在中国的边境爆炸;美国部署在台湾海峡的第7舰队在中国的领海上耀武扬威;美国官方公开把台湾和朝鲜联在一起,派兵入侵;麦克阿瑟公然要求蒋介石的军队进入战争。

战火迅速向北燃烧,“联合国军”要越过“三八线”的企图已很明显。

“三八线”是毛泽东考虑出兵还是不出兵的底线。“美帝国主义如果干涉,不过三八线,我们不管,如果过三八线,我们一定过去打。”(毛泽东同苏共中央代表团谈话纪录,1956年9月23日)9月20日,毛泽东在审阅修改周恩来转告金日成对目前朝鲜战局意见的电报中指出:“我们认为你的长期作战思想是正确的。朝鲜军民的英勇是令人感佩的。估计敌人在仁川方面尚有增加可能,其目的在于向东延伸占领,切断朝鲜南北交通,并向三八线进逼。而人民军必须力争保住三八线以北,进行持久战方有可能。因此,请考虑在坚持自力更生长期奋斗的总方针下如何保存主力便于各个歼灭敌人的问题。”复电还提出一些具体建议。(周恩来致倪志亮电,手稿,1950年9月20日)9月29日夜,周恩来向毛泽东报告:“美帝国主义已在公开表示将进军三八线以北。从倪志亮27日电看来,三八线北已无防守部队,似此情况甚为严重,敌人有直趋平壤可能。”

(周恩来关于朝鲜战况给毛泽东的报告,1950年9月29日)在朝鲜民主主义人民共和国处境十分危急的紧要关头,毛泽东决定,由政务院总理周恩来于9月30日向全世界宣告:“中国人民热爱和平,但是为了保卫和平,从不也永不害怕反抗侵略战争。中国人民决不能容忍外国的侵略,也不能听任帝国主义者对自己的邻人肆行侵略而置之不理。”(周恩来在全国政协举行建国一周年庆祝大会上的报告,《人民日报》1950年10月1日)这是站起来的中国人民不畏强暴,对美国当局发出的十分有力的严正警告。

然而,美国当局过低地估计了中国人民的力量和反侵略的决心,他们对中国的多次警告竟然充耳不闻,继续向北推进。10月1日,南朝鲜军越过“三八线”,突破了毛泽东考虑的出兵还是不出兵的最后底线。

刚刚从战争的废墟中走出来的中国人民,自己尚百废待兴,还有能力出兵朝鲜与世界头号强国美帝国主义直接对抗吗?毛泽东开始面临一生中最为艰难的一次抉择。

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