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铁证如山——军国主义幽灵荼毒几何

中国军网记者探访日遗化武最大埋藏点——哈尔巴岭。图为记者观看弹坑内专业人员作业。周灯华 摄
历史是一面多棱镜,从不同角度和截面折射出时代的印记。日本在华遗弃化学武器,正是军国主义肆虐祸害中国的一个明证。几十年来,随着各类遗弃毒弹相继发现并披露,侵华日军对中国军民大规模使用化学武器铁证如山!
日本研制使用化学武器的历史就是一部赤裸裸的军国主义发家史。1918年,日本陆军省兵器局设立“临时毒气调查委员会”,专事毒气研制、毒弹使用和化学战训练。日本记者荻野茂在《日军毒气战》中写道,为了解欧洲国家化学战实际情况,日本军部委派有“日本毒气之父”之称的久村种树中佐前往欧洲战场进行考察。久村回国后呈递的报告中称,“未来战争中取胜的秘决之一,在于科学的奇袭……而毒气的研制乃是当务之急”。报告得到军部高度重视,迅即划拨专款予以支持。
日本军国主义的极力鼓噪,给化学武器的研制生产打上了一针强心针。1925年,时任摄政的裕仁发出敕令:“欧洲大战以来,伴随新型武器的进步,化学武器(毒气)的研究已成为军事上的关键。”1927年,登基不久的裕仁又亲自前往大久野岛视察毒气工厂筹建情况。该毒气工厂建成后不到几年时间,员工就从80余人猛增到2000多人。据不完全统计,从1930至1945年,日本共制造各类毒剂7376吨,各类化学弹约776万发,其中绝大多数运往中国战场。1933年,日本在千叶县建立了“习志野学校”。该学校对外宣称“进行有关军事的科学教育和调查研究”;而在日军参谋总长和教育总监的往来文书中,则明确该校任务是“培养化学部队骨干力量及各部队化学战军官”。这所学校可以说是恶名昭著,首任校长是“南京大屠杀”中的屠城祸酋日军第16师团师团长中岛今朝吾,一万多名学员大多成为侵华战争中遂行化学战的骨干力量。
全面抗战爆发后,日军掀起了一轮又一轮的化学战。日军参谋总长载仁亲王向侵华日军下达了使用化学武器的作战命令,并要求为掩人耳目,在使用化学武器时“尽量与烟幕混用,严密隐匿使用毒气之事实,切勿留下痕迹”。1937年淞沪会战中,日军进攻上海并施放毒气,造成我军民重大伤亡;1938年,日军使用毒剂达255次;1939年南昌战役中,日军发射毒剂炮弹3000余发;1940年百团大战中,日军用毒量较大的作战就有20多次;1941年宜昌战役中,日军先后投掷毒剂弹2800余枚,造成1600余名抗日官兵中毒伤亡。此战还成为日军“通过较大规模使用黄弹及红弹挫败占优势的敌军包围的例子”,编入日军战例集。
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