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全景解读处理日本遗弃在华化学武器问题

2016-11-02 14:26:12   

还世界一个公义,还人民一片净土

——全景解读处理日本遗弃在华化学武器问题

■曾向军  中国军网记者 李景璇

化学武器,战争魔鬼诞下的“恶之花”。

它是“无声杀手”——随风而来悄无声息,却又杀人于无形中;它是“文明噩梦”——发端于科技的进步,却颠覆了人类对文明的本性认知。它给人类带来的痛苦,不单是肉体上的折磨,更有难以忍受的精神摧残。它的威力,令亲历者肝胆欲裂,听闻者毛骨悚然。

70多年前,侵华日军在中国广袤的土地上长期、大范围使用化学武器,对中国人民犯下了滔天罪行。日本无条件投降后,日军为掩盖罪行,秘密将大量尚未来得及使用的化学武器就地掩埋或弃于江河湖海、山间密林,使中国民众蒙受了严重的威胁与危害。新中国成立后,我国政府和军队长期致力于妥善处理日遗化武问题,销毁日遗化武工作成效显著。

历史是最好的清醒剂。本文旨在通过回顾梳理化学武器的百年历程,全景展示日本遗弃在华化学武器的历史与现状,为读者提供一个全域视角和深度解读。

前世今生——“战争毒药”因何而来

2003年黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市“8·4”中毒事件中造成我同胞严重伤害的日本遗弃芥子气毒气桶。

战争,犹如一个打满鸡血的亡命徒,处心积虑地琢磨新手段,挖空心思地打造新杀器。从大刀长矛到火枪重炮,从飞机坦克到航母核武,每一种新武器的诞生无不脱胎于科技进步的孕育。

公元前431年,雅典和斯巴达之间爆发战争。斯巴达人将沥青和硫磺制成抛射物,经过燃烧生成大量的二氧化硫攻击敌人。这可以说是化学武器的“老祖宗”。进入19世纪,随着有机化学的蓬勃发展,各类化学毒剂相继研发出来。1774年瑞典化学家发现了氯气;1812年英国化学家合成了光气;1886年德国化学家合成了芥子气……19世纪末,欧洲一些国家已能批量生产化学毒气。

毒气的诞生,扭曲了战争本来面目。1915年的伊普雷小镇,德军为打破英法联军防线,向敌方阵地施放大量氯气,揭开了现代化学战的序幕,造成英法联军1.5万人中毒伤亡。化学武器巨大的杀伤力和破坏性,大大刺激了帝国主义的战争神经。据不完全统计,一战期间交战国共生产毒剂约15万吨,造成130万人伤亡。一战后,尝到化学战“甜头”的各国开始积极改进各类毒剂,不断扩大毒弹的生产能力。毒剂钢瓶、化学炮弹、化学航弹、化学地雷、毒剂桶等先后研制出来。可以说,几乎所有现代武器都衍生出了同类型的化学毒弹。

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