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真正黑科技:美国SR-71“黑鸟”的冷战故事

2016-10-24 14:53:01   空军之翼

越战期间,SR-71经常前往北越和老挝上空执行例行侦察任务,而且早在1968年就开始了,这架979号机幸存了下来,目前陈列在德州圣安东尼奥的拉克兰空军基地内

这张地图展现了布莱索和富勒少校在1976年7月28日进行1000千米封闭航线破纪录飞行时的航迹

任务剖面

在所有SR-71于北越上空的穿梭飞行中,没有一架被导弹击落。绝大多数时间里,敌人都知道他们没有机会把黑鸟打下来,因此,他们也很少向黑鸟发射导弹。在北越上空的飞行时间总共只有10分钟,离开了北越领空后,机组立刻朝泰国上空的加油机航线下降。加完油后,飞行员调头按照同一条路线再度飞一次,拍摄更多的照片。这次任务里,布朗中校回忆道事情开始变糟:“此前,我还以为这又是一次烧油的飞行,穿过北越海岸线后,我调整了进气口和发动机等设备,完成了减速清单的检查,将加力燃烧室置于最小加力的位置上并开始下降(我得把飞机的速度从2300英里/小时下降到空中加油的速度)。发动机在此条件下趋于稳定后,我将油门放在最大军用推力的位置上,这时两台发动机都喷火了!

“我不得不说,这是我的早期侦察飞行任务之一,还没有考虑到高空极为寒冷的情况(或者没有意识到),所以这就影响到了进气道计算机的设定,这关系到了进气道、进气锥和发动机相对应的冷却温度。由于2台发动机都已经挂掉,飞机的座舱在下降过程中失压,因此,我们的抗荷服在下降过程中都鼓起来了。我让侦察系统官告诉加油机说两台发动机喷火,正在让飞机爬升,重启发动机,这样可能让我们飞不到预定的加油点。随着我爬升到发动机的启动高度上,2台发动机都顺利启动了。我们的测距系统锁定了加油机,最后汇合了。我再度把油料加满,开始加速爬升。然而,穿过了40000英尺高度后,一台交流发电机挂掉了,而且无法重启,这就让我们不得不放弃任务,意味着尽可能快地降落。如果剩下的一台发电机也坏掉,那我就会失去发动机、电子设备甚至整架飞机!”

这样的情况也意味着布朗不得寻找最近的友军基地降落,就是泰国皇家空军的达欺(Takhli)基地,他通知塔台说他即将降落,而且由于黑鸟的无线电呼号和加油机一样,他告诉他们这是一架SR-71。这座基地里还驻扎有中情局的人,所以他们将会得到很好的接待。布朗担心飞机的前起落架是否被放下锁住,于是他从塔台边飞过一次进行确认。一次正常的降落后,飞机被滑入中情局的机库里,在那里呆了4天,同时,接机的地勤从嘉手纳飞来,去修复这架黑鸟。到了重新起飞的时候,布朗把加力开到最大,离开跑道,笔直地冲上天空。因为达欺基地是F-105雷公机群的主要驻地之一,所以他想让那些战斗机飞行员在茶余饭后有讨论的话题。返回冲绳的飞行是平安无事的,但这次任务离规范还差很远,它证明了机组们最害怕的就是机械故障,而且不是被敌人的战斗机或者导弹指着。

SR-71的最初退役在“沙漠风暴”行动发起前就开始了,90年代初,SR-71被放入“重启”线,照片摄于洛克希德在帕姆代尔的工厂,其中一架的垂尾上写有NASA的字样(980号机)

到了1990年,虽然有大量的SR-71散布在世界各地的基地内,但是在比尔基地里还是有足够数量的飞机来拍下这张具有纪念意义的照片。

本文原载于《Combat Aircraft Monthly》杂志2012年9月号,作者:Warren E Thompsen,双垂尾骑士(译)

责任编辑:张海潮
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